液化木质素磺酸钠基阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的制备及性能

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2023.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对木质素磺酸钠(SLS)先进行液化改性, 再利用SLS液化产物替代聚醚多元醇, 同时添加阻燃剂聚磷酸铵(APP), 采用"一步发泡法"制备出液化木质素磺酸钠基阻燃聚氨酯泡沫(SLS-PUF/APP)。对SLS液化产物的物理性质进行表征, 利用极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧测试研究了材料的阻燃性能; 采用锥形量热(CONE)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子万能试验机探究了材料的燃烧行为、残炭微观形貌和压缩性能。测试结果表明: SLS液化产物的羟值、残渣率和黏度分别为537.3 mg/g、0.77%和332 mPa·s。当SLS液化产物替代聚醚多元醇的替代率为100%时, 制备的材料100%SLS-PUF的LOI值达到了20.3%, 在此基础上, 当APP添加量为20%时, 制备的材料100%SLS-PUF/20%APP的LOI值为23.9%。当APP添加量≥19%时, 材料的垂直燃烧等级达到Ⅴ-0级。相较于PUF, 100%SLS-PUF/20%APP的最大热释放速率和总热释放量分别降低了693.5 kW/m²和7.7 MJ/m², 残炭量则提高了14.5个百分点, 同时其压缩强度也明显提升, 由74.0 kPa(PUF)提高到283.8 kPa, 这说明SLS液化产物的替代和APP的添加能够在显著提升PUF材料的压缩性能的同时改善其阻燃性能。

关键词: 聚氨酯泡沫, 木质素磺酸钠, 液化, 聚磷酸铵, 阻燃性能, 压缩强度

Abstract:

Firstly, sodium lignosulfonate(SLS) was liquefied and modified, and then the SLS liquefied product was used to replace polyether polyols, and the flame retardant ammonium polyphosphates(APP) was added. The liquefied SLS-based flame retardant polyurethane foam(SLS-PUF/APP) was prepared by one-step foaming method. The physical properties of SLS liquefaction products were characterized. The flame retardancy of the materials was studied by limiting oxygen index(LOI) and vertical combustion test. The combustion behavior, microstructure and compression properties of the materials were investigated by cone calorimeter(CONE), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electronic universal testing machine. The test results showed that the hydroxyl value, residue rate and viscosity of SLS liquefaction products were 537.3 mg/g, 0.77% and 332 mPa·s, respectively. When the SLS liquefaction product substitution rate for polyether polyol was 100%, the LOI value of the prepared material(100%SLS-PUF) reached 20.3%. On this basis, when the APP addition amount was 20%, the LOI value of the prepared material(100%SLS-PUF/20%APP) reached 23.9%. When the APP addition amount was greater than 19%, the vertical combustion grade of the material could reach the Ⅴ-0 level. Compared with pure PUF material, the maximum heat release rate and total heat release amount of 100%SLS-PUF/20%APP decreased by 693.5 kW/m² and 7.7 MJ/m², respectively, and the residual carbon content increased by 14.5 percent. At the same time, its compressive strength increased, from 74.0 kPa of pure PUF material to 283.8 kPa, indicating that the substitution of SLS liquefaction product and the addition of APP could significantly improve the compressive performance of PUF material and its flame retardant performance.

Key words: polyurethane foam, sodium lignosulfonate, liquefaction, ammonium polyphosphate, flame retardancy, compressive strength

中图分类号:

TQ35

安昕煜, 李旭, 马悦, 刘志明. 液化木质素磺酸钠基阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的制备及性能[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2023, 57(2): 41-47.

Xinyu AN, Xu LI, Yue MA, Zhiming LIU. Preparation and Properties of Liquefied Sodium Lignin Sulfonate Based Flame Retardant Polyurethane Foam[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2023, 57(2): 41-47.

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参考文献 17

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样品¹⁾ sample	木质素磺酸钠(SLS)液化产物/g sodium lignosulfonate	聚醚多元醇/g polyether polyol	聚合异氰酸酯(MDI)/gpolymerized isocyanate
PUF	0	20	25.0
20%SLS-PUF	4	16	26.8
40%SLS-PUF	8	12	27.8
60%SLS-PUF	12	8	28.8
80%SLS-PUF	16	4	29.8
100%SLS-PUF	20	0	30.8

样品 sample	替代率/% substitution rate	极限氧指数(LOI)/% limiting oxygen index
PUF	0	19.0
20%SLS-PUF	20	19.2
40%SLS-PUF	40	19.5
60%SLS-PUF	60	19.7
80%SLS-PUF	80	20.0
100%SLS-PUF	100	20.3

样品 sample	APP添加量/% addition of APP	极限氧指数(LOI)/% limiting oxygen index	垂直燃烧级别 vertical combustion level
100%SLS-PUF	0	20.3	—
100%SLS-PUF/5%APP	5	21.1	—
100%SLS-PUF/10%APP	10	22.0	—
100%SLS-PUF/15%APP	15	23.2	—
100%SLS-PUF/19%APP	19	23.7	Ⅴ-0
100%SLS-PUF/20%APP	20	23.9	Ⅴ-0

样品 sample	点燃时间/s ignition time	第一个峰the first peak		第二个峰the second peak		总热释放量/(MJ·m^-2) total heat release	残炭量/% char residues
样品 sample	点燃时间/s ignition time	热释放速率/(kW·m^-2) heat release rate	时间/s time	热释放速率/(kW·m^-2) heat release rate	时间/s time	总热释放量/(MJ·m^-2) total heat release	残炭量/% char residues
PUF	2	896.6	30	—	—	26.9	14.6
100%SLS-PUF	2	314.1	42	301.1	66	27.2	17.1
100%SLS-PUF/20%APP	2	203.1	30	190.6	96	19.2	29.1

样品 sample	表观密度/(kg·m^-3) apparent density	压缩强度/kPa compressive strength
PUF	22.08	74.0
100%SLS-PUF	58.62	267.0
100%SLS-PUF/5%APP	59.91	331.5
100%SLS-PUF/10%APP	69.78	478.2
100%SLS-PUF/15%APP	72.31	327.8
100%SLS-PUF/20%APP	76.53	283.8