蒸汽爆破膨化改性对玉米秸秆结构及复合板机械性能的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.06.003

生物质化学工程 ›› 2022, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 17-23.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.06.003

蒸汽爆破膨化改性对玉米秸秆结构及复合板机械性能的影响

赵鑫鹏, 周青波, 郑艳, 余海斌()

中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所, 中国科学院海洋新材料与应用技术重点实验室, 浙江省海洋材料与防护技术重点实验室, 浙江宁波 315201

收稿日期:2021-09-22 出版日期:2022-11-30 发布日期:2022-11-18
通讯作者: 余海斌 E-mail:haibinyu@nimte.ac.cn
作者简介:余海斌, 博士生导师, 研究领域: 生物基高分子材料; E-mail: haibinyu@nimte.ac.cn
赵鑫鹏(1992—), 女, 山西汾阳人, 工程师, 硕士, 主要从事生物基高分子材料研究
基金资助:
浙江省科技计划资助项目(2019C02073);宁波市科技创新2025项目(2018B10011)

Effect of Steam Explosion and Puffing Modification on the Structure of Corn Stalks and the Mechanical Properties of Composite Boards

Xinpeng ZHAO, Qingbo ZHOU, Yan ZHENG, Haibin YU()

Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China

Received:2021-09-22 Online:2022-11-30 Published:2022-11-18
Contact: Haibin YU E-mail:haibinyu@nimte.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将玉米秸秆通过单螺杆式蒸汽爆破的方式进行膨化，得到不同类型膨化玉米秸秆，再与聚丙烯树脂（PP）复合制备复合板材。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、反射红外（ATR-FTIR）、热重分析（TGA）、差式扫描量热（DSC）及鲍尔纤维筛分等测试，分析了秸秆膨化前后的纤维变化情况等。分析结果表明：SEM显示通过蒸汽爆破膨化机处理过的玉米秸秆能够有效进行"三素分离"，使得玉米秸秆表面结构由规整变成纤维状和粉末碎片，并且TGA、DSC和ATR-FTIR测试结果显示：在膨化过程中纤维素结构无变化，而半纤维素和木质素发生了部分的热分解。对膨化玉米秸秆与PP复合制备的复合板材的力学性能测试发现：与未膨化玉米秸秆（CS）制备的板材相比，膨化玉米秸秆（SECS）制备的板材的冲击韧性强度和拉伸强度分别增加15.69%和17.24%，而与SECS制备的复合板材的性能相比，分别经苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物修饰的膨化玉米秸秆制备的复合板材的冲击韧性强度分别增加了156.74%和100.98%，拉伸强度分别提高了83.42%和12.03%。

关键词: 玉米秸秆, 三素分离, 蒸爆膨化, 秸秆复合板材

Abstract:

The corn stalks were expanded by means of single-screw steam explosion to obtain different types of puffed corn straws, which were compounded with polypropylene resin(PP) to prepare a straw composite board. The changes of fiber before and after the explosion were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), reflected infrared(ART-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and Bauer fiber screening tests. The SEM results showed that corn stalks could effectively carry out the "three elements separation" through steam explosion, so that the surface structure of the stalks changed from smooth and regular to fibrous and powdery fragments. Meanwhile, the TGA, DSC and ATR-FTIR results showed that there was no obvious change in the fiber structure during the puffing process, while the hemicellulose and lignin were partially thermally decomposed. The mechanical properties of the straw composite board prepared by expanded corn stalks and PP were tested. Comparing with the board prepared by unexpaned corn stalks as the raw material, the impact resistance and tensile strength of steam expanded corn stalks increased by 15.69% and 17.24%, respectively.Similarly, the impact strength of boards prepared by expanded corn stalks modified by acrylates compolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer increased by 156.74% and 100.98%, respectively, and the tensile strength increased by 83.42% and 12.03%, respectively.

Key words: corn stalks, three elements separation, steamed explosion puffing, straw composite board

中图分类号:

TQ351

赵鑫鹏, 周青波, 郑艳, 余海斌. 蒸汽爆破膨化改性对玉米秸秆结构及复合板机械性能的影响[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2022, 56(6): 17-23.

Xinpeng ZHAO, Qingbo ZHOU, Yan ZHENG, Haibin YU. Effect of Steam Explosion and Puffing Modification on the Structure of Corn Stalks and the Mechanical Properties of Composite Boards[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2022, 56(6): 17-23.

图/表 5

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样品 sample	处理情况 handling conditions		各组分质量分数mass fraction of components/%
样品 sample	处理情况 handling conditions		R 1.4	R 0.841/ P 1.4	R 0.297/ P 0.841	R 0.147/ P 0.297	P 0.147
废纸浆waste paper pulp			5.35	17.04	7.94	0.41	69.26
		40%	20.75	20.29	10.79	8.68	39.50
SECS	含水量 water content	50%	21.71	17.51	11.59	7.10	42.10
		60%	17.57	18.23	11.73	8.13	44.33
		0	17.57	18.23	11.73	8.13	44.33
AC-SECS	AC添加量 AC addition	5%	20.02	16.33	13.44	9.92	40.29
		10%	28.04	19.91	15.89	9.94	26.23
		0	17.57	18.23	11.73	8.13	44.33
EVA-SECS	EVA添加量 EVA addition	5%	18.58	19.07	15.26	7.49	39.61
		10%	23.53	22.45	13.10	5.20	35.70
		0	17.57	18.23	11.73	8.13	44.33
AM-SECS	淀粉添加量 addtion of starch	5%	21.72	14.33	10.81	7.20	50.69
		10%	18.50	14.55	11.65	8.10	47.20

复合板材 composite panels	冲击韧性强度/(J·m^-2) impact toughness strength	拉伸强度/MPa tensile strength
CS/PP	1 656.46	3.19
SECS/PP	1 916.29	3.74
EVA-SECS/PP	3 851.30	4.19
AM-SECS/PP	1 040.21	3.90
AC-SECS/PP	4 919.95	6.86

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蒸汽爆破膨化改性对玉米秸秆结构及复合板机械性能的影响

Effect of Steam Explosion and Puffing Modification on the Structure of Corn Stalks and the Mechanical Properties of Composite Boards

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