秸秆的自加热及自燃特性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2021.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对秸秆堆积储存和制粉过程中的自燃问题，采用杜瓦瓶自加热装置对稻草（RS）、麦秸（WS）、玉米秸秆（CS）堆积储存的自加热过程进行研究，并考察含水量对自加热的影响；同时，采用慢速升温的热重分析方法对3种秸秆的低温氧化特性进行研究。自加热实验结果显示：3种秸秆的自加热过程遵循相同的规律（均分为诱导期、温度上升期和温度下降平稳期3个阶段），且含水量越高，自加热能力越强；其中稻草的自加热能力最强，麦秸最弱。低温氧化特性实验结果表明：相较于麦秸，稻草和玉米秸秆的低温氧化、热解能力较强，制粉时具有较高的自燃风险。综合3种秸秆的自加热能力和低温氧化特性，稻草和玉米秸秆堆积储存和制粉过程中具有较高的自加热及自燃风险。

关键词: 秸秆, 热安全, 自加热, 低温氧化

Abstract:

To investigate self-ignition of crop straws in storage and pulverization, the self-heating process of storing rice straw(RS), wheat straw(WS) and corn stalk(CS) were carried out in Dewar device and the effect of moisture content was studied. Meanwhile, thermogravimetric analysis with slow heating rate were conducted to study the characteristics and kinetics of low temperature oxidation of three kinds of straw. The results of Dewar experiments showed that the self-heating process of crop straws followed the same pattern, which was divied into three stages including induction period, temperature rising period and stable period of temperature dropping, and the higher the moisture content was, the stronger the self-heating propensity was. Moreover, rice straw had the strongest self-heating capability and wheat straw had the weakest capability. Low temperature oxidation experiments showed that, compared with wheat straw, rice straw and corn stalk had stronger low temperature oxidation, pyrolysis activity and higher self-ignition risk in pulverization. In conclusion, rice straw and corn stalk were evaluated to have higher self-heating and self-ignition risks in storage and pulverization.

Key words: straws, thermal safety, self-heating, low temperature oxidation

中图分类号:

TQ35

朱烨璇, 盛昌栋. 秸秆的自加热及自燃特性研究[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2021, 55(1): 56-62.

Yexuan ZHU, Changdong SHENG. Self-heating and Self-ignition Characteristics of Crop Straws[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2021, 55(1): 56-62.

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样品 sample	工业分析proximate analysis¹⁾/%				元素分析elemental analysis²⁾/%					低位热值/(kJ·kg^-1) low calorific value
样品 sample	水分 moisture	灰分 ash	挥发分 volatile matter	固定碳 fixed carbon	C	H	O	N	S	低位热值/(kJ·kg^-1) low calorific value
稻草rice straw	10.26	9.14	67.76	12.84	40.67	5.27	41.79	1.07	0.42	17636
麦秸wheat straw	8.71	7.91	65.28	18.1	42.87	5.29	42.13	0.61	0.36	18532
玉米秸秆corn stalk	10.14	6.05	69.8	14.01	44.06	5.62	41.79	1.07	0.42	17746

样品 sample	含水量/% moisture	T_K5/℃	T_K7/℃	ΔT_max/℃
稻草 rice straw	40	41.14	28.88	12.26
	50	42.57	28.54	14.03
	60	44.75	30.58	14.17
	70	46.03	30.48	15.55
麦秸 wheat straw	40	34.42	27.42	7.00
	50	35.12	27.32	7.80
	60	38.69	28.49	10.20
	70	39.75	29.35	10.40
玉米秸秆 corn stalk	40	31.92	27.84	4.08
	50	36.05	26.32	9.73
	60	40.70	28.68	12.02
	70	43.67	28.27	15.40

样品 sample	着火温度(T_IC)/℃ ignition temp.	特征温度(T)/℃ characteristic temp.	空气氧化特征温度(T_MWL)/℃ characteristic temp. of air oxidation
稻草rice straw	217	228	278
麦秸wheat straw	222	232	278
玉米秸秆corn stalk	213	225	278

样品 sample	热解pyrolysis		空气氧化air oxidation		纯氧化oxidation
样品 sample	E_a/(kJ·mol^-1)	A/min^-1	E_a/(kJ·mol^-1)	A/min^-1	E_a/(kJ·mol^-1)	A/min^-1
稻草rice straw	72.53	84120	77.86	855978	70.90	82454
麦秸wheat straw	101.26	183917896	89.35	15401878	95.83	23676653
玉米秸秆corn stalk	92.33	224134	78.45	686938	78.08	420837

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