松科植物针叶中脂溶性化学成分研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国是世界上拥有松科植物属种最多的国家，共有10属，包括松属、雪松属、落叶松属、金钱松属、银杉属、云杉属、黄杉属、油杉属、铁杉属和冷杉属。松科植物针叶中脂溶性部分蕴藏着结构新颖、生物活性显著的化合物。本文对松科植物针叶中脂溶性物质的提取方法、化学成分分析、生物活性及其在医药与农业方面的应用等国内外研究状况进行了综述，主要包括酸性物质和中性物质等，提取溶剂主要为石油醚、二氯甲烷、正己烷。本文介绍了松针脂溶性物质在开发药物及绿色、生态、安全的饲料添加剂、植物保护剂、兽药和植物生长促进剂等方面的应用，并对松针资源及松针脂溶性化学成分今后的开发利用研究方向提出了建议。

关键词: 松科植物, 松针, 脂溶性化学成分, 生物活性

Abstract:

Our country has the most abundant genera and species of Pinaceae plant in the world, including ten genera: Pinus, Picea, Cathaya, Pseudotsuga, Larix, Pseudolarix, Cedrus, Tsuga, Keteleeria and Abies. The liposoluble substance in pine needles from Pinaceae plant contain some compound with novel structure and significant bioactivity. In this paper, the domestic and foreign research progress on extraction method, chemical constituents, biological activity, and its application in biomedical and agricultural field of liposoluble substance from pine needles are reviewed. It mainly includes acidic materials and neutral materials. The main extraction solvents were petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and n-hexane. The application of liposoluble substance from pine needles in the development of drugs, green ecological and safe feed additives, plant protection agents, veterinary drugs, and plant growth promoters were also introduced. Suggestions for future study on protection and utilization of pine needles resources from Pinaceae plant, as well as research and development of liposoluble substance from pine needles are proposed.

Key words: Pinaceae plant, pine needles, liposoluble substance, bioactivity

中图分类号:

TQ35

张亮亮, 管勤昊, 郑光耀. 松科植物针叶中脂溶性化学成分研究进展[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2022, 56(3): 59-66.

Liangliang ZHANG, Qinhao GUAN, Guangyao ZHENG. Research Progress on Chemical Constituents of Liposoluble Substance from Pine Needles[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2022, 56(3): 59-66.

图/表 2

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样品 sample	正己烷提取物hexane extraction/%			酸性物质acids compounds/%			中性物质neutral compounds/%
样品 sample	松针 needles	小枝 twigs	树皮 bark	松针 needles	小枝 twigs	树皮 bark	松针 needles	小枝 twigs	树皮 bark
韩国红松 Korean red pines	4~5	5~9	1	63~72	63~72	36~40	18~25	18~25	33~41
西伯利亚偃松 Siberian dwarf pines	6~10	10~11	—	33~41	66~70	—	46~65	22~33	—

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