玉米秸秆生物炭对水中铅、镉的去除性能及作用机理研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.04.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Biochar was prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis with bulk agricultural waste corn straws as raw material, and the performance of biochar on heavy metal removal was investigated through the adsorption experiments of lead and cadmium in water.The results showed that the corn straw biochar obtained at 800 ℃ was mainly in the form of block and rod, the pore structure was micropores, and the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in the ash were dominated. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ were 94.79 and 24.47 mg/g, respectively, when the adsorption temperature was 25 ℃, pH value was 4, adsorption time was 960 min, and the mass concentrations of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ were 429.24 and 280.34 mg/L. The removal process of lead and cadmium in water by biochar followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Freundlich isotherm model. When the initial mass concentrations of lead and cadmium were all 150 mg/L, the obtained equilibrium adsorption capacities were 69.0 and 24.4 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the process belongs to endothermic and entropy increasing. Additionally, Pb²⁺ could significantly antagonize the removal of Cd²⁺ in binary metal ion solution.The adsorption mechanism of corn straw biochar indicated that the removal of both metal ions was the combination of physical adsorption and chemical precipitation.

Key words: biochar, heavy metals, adsorption, kinetics, thermodynamics

CLC Number:

TQ35
X52

Jianbing ZHAO, Junbo ZHU, Changfu ZHUANG, Zhifeng ZHENG, Shuangqing LI, Xuemei LI. Removal Performance and Mechanism of Lead and Cadmium in Water by Corn Straw Biochar[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2022, 56(4): 15-24.

Figures/Tables 16

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References 31

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重金属离子 heavy metal ion	实验吸附量/(mg·g^-1) experimental adsorption capacity	q_e/(mg·g^-1)	K₁/(g·mg^-1·min^-1)	R²
Pb²⁺	69.0	68.85±0.55	3.52±0	0.999
Cd²⁺	24.4	22.60±1.35	2.79±0	0.949

重金属离子 heavy metal ion	Langmuir			Freundlich
重金属离子 heavy metal ion	q_max/(mg·g^-1)	K_L/(mg·L^-1)	R²	K_F	n	R²
Pb²⁺	68.87±8.6	51.55±17.07	0.878	48.92±2.49	8.42±0.80	0.976
Cd²⁺	22.74±1.23	24.49±10.80	0.914	15.30±1.34	10.80±2.24	0.901

重金属离子 heavy metal ion	温度/℃ temperature	ΔG^Ө/(kJ·mol^-1)	ΔH^Ө/(kJ·mol^-1)	ΔS^Ө/(kJ·mol^-1·K^-1)
	298	-56.14
Pb²⁺	308	-61.44	101.8	0.530
	318	-66.74
	298	-44.9
Cd²⁺	308	-47.9	44.5	0.300
	318	-50.9

混合溶液 mixed solution	质量浓度/(mg·L^-1) concentration	去除率removal rate/%
混合溶液 mixed solution	质量浓度/(mg·L^-1) concentration	Pb²⁺	Cd²⁺
Pb²⁺/Cd²⁺	185.45/0.00	98.93
	185.45/8.28	98.93	100.00
	185.45/40.39	98.92	50.80
	185.45/95.56	98.72	43.31
	185.45/143.41	98.18	37.16
	185.45/190.70	98.18	35.49
	0.00/143.02		93.64
	9.81/143.02	100.00	84.69
	47.21/143.02	99.58	77.77
	92.51/143.02	96.87	59.18
	138.80/143.02	97.69	49.65
	184.64/143.02	97.76	38.61

金属离子 metal ion	分峰 peak points	键合形式 bonding form	峰面积占比/% ratio of peak area	结合能/eV binding energy
Pb²⁺	C1s分峰 C1s peak points	C—C	71.76	284.81
		O＝C—O	6.76	287.59
		C—OH/C—O—C	15.61	286.20
		MCO₃	5.86	289.37
	4f分峰4f peak points	PbCO₃	95.96	139.38
Cd²⁺	C1s分峰 C1s peak points	C—C	67.04	284.78
		O＝C—O	8.77	287.36
		C—OH/C—O—C	17.4	286.03
		MCO₃	6.79	289.34
	3d分峰 3d peak points	CdCO₃	53.80	406.18
	3d分峰 3d peak points	Cd(OH)₂	46.20	407.28

Removal Performance and Mechanism of Lead and Cadmium in Water by Corn Straw Biochar

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