Table of Content

30 September 2009, Volume 43 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Preparation and Properties of Straw Phenol Liquefied Resin LUAN Fu-you;FU Shen-yuan 2009, 43 (5):  15-20.  Abstract ( 735 )   PDF (956KB) ( 1094 )   Save Phenol is used as a medium for liquefaction of straw. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in straw has been turned into a liquid substance with certain biological activity, which is a new type of adhesive. TG-DSC analysis shows that its curing temperature is 116℃, which is much lower than that of common phenolic resin. Infrared spectroscopy analysis shows the resin which was made from straw has very similar IR peaks to those of phenolic resin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Chemical Composition and Property of Pyrolysate Oil of Rosin GENG Wei;BAI Ming-e 2009, 43 (5):  21-25.  Abstract ( 814 )   PDF (900KB) ( 2682 )   Save The orthogonal test of the cracking reaction of rosin by the catalyst of activated clay were studied. Chemical compositions and physicochemical properties of the pyrolysate oil were analyzed.The results showed that activated clay can catalyzed the cracking reaction of rosin in lower temperature, with reduced the reaction time. Optimum cracking process conditions are reaction temperature 240℃, reaction time 1.5h, dosage of catalyst 10% in weight of rosin. The acid value of pyrolysate oil is 0.69-0.75 mg/g and its yield is 60%-63%. GC-MS found that main constituents of pyrolysate oil were benzene, naphthalene,ketone,ester,phenanthrene and other aromatic compounds. Acid value of pyrolysate oil is 0.075 g/L, dynamic viscosity (20℃)is 47.6 mm2/s, condensation point is -30℃, cold filter plugging point is 11℃, cetane number is 30.4。After mixing pyrolysis oil with other oils or improve performance of the pyrolysate oil, It can reach the national standards of petrochemical diesel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of Implementing Biorefinery at Pulp and Paper Mills WANG Hai-song;LIU Chao;MU Xin-dong 2009, 43 (5):  1-5.  Abstract ( 651 )   PDF (891KB) ( 1430 )   Save Biorefinery is a new pathway to resolve petrochemical resources shortage, while pulp and paper mills offer the best platform for the commercialization and industrialization of biorefineries. The feasibility and problems of using waste biomass such as hemicelluloses, lignin, turpentine oil, tall oil, etc. in pulp and paper mills, as biorefinery feedstocks are reviewed and the future research trends are also discussed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Liquefaction of Branches of Fraxinus Chinensis Roxb. in the Tetralin-phenol Hydrogen-donor Solvents LIU Chun-yu;ZHANG Qiu-hui;ZHAO Guang-jie;LI Min-jie 2009, 43 (5):  6-10.  Abstract ( 632 )   PDF (940KB) ( 1067 )   Save The effects of five factors on residue rate during the liquefaction of branches of Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. in tetralin-phenol hydrogen-donor solvents were investigated by orthogonal test. The optimal conditions were:reaction temperature 150℃,time 2.5 h, mass ratio of wood to phenol 1:6,catalyst (H2SO4) dosage 6.5%, tetralin dosage 20%. The liquefaction efficiency was 96% in above conditions. The sequence of factors were: time>temperature>mass ratio of wood to phonol=catalyst dosage>tetralin dosage. The bigger of time, mass ratio of wood to phenol, and tetralin dosage, the smaller of residue rate of liquefaction or the higher of liquefaction efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Strain Improvement of Pachysolen tannophilus by Co60 Mutagenesis for Xylose Alcoholic Fermentation REN Jia;BAO Jie;ZHANG Su-ping;YAN Yong-jie 2009, 43 (5):  11-14.  Abstract ( 693 )   PDF (840KB) ( 947 )   Save Xylose-fermenting yeast Pachysolen tannophilus was mutated by Co60 rays. The mutant 800-3,which shows superior xylose utilizing and ethanol producing efficiency was isolated after selection. The effects of fermentation conditions on ethanol production were investigated. It is shown that the dissolved oxygen level and culture medium components exhibit significant effects on the ethanol yield. Under the conditions of shaking rate 100 r/min, medium volume 20/100 mL and YE concentration 1 g/L, the concentration of ethanol is 5.86 g/L, while that of xylitol is 12.95 g/L. Comparing with the former studies, the ethanol yield is much lower. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Research on the Characterization of Char Product from Biomass Pyrolysis TAN Hong;ZHANG Lei;HAN Yu-ge 2009, 43 (5):  31-34.  Abstract ( 851 )   PDF (1759KB) ( 1291 )   Save The experiments of biomass pyrolysis were carried out in the pipe-type furnace. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the char yield was investigated. The difference of biomass pyrolysis char yield between agricultural biomass and forest biomass was studied. The SEM analysis of biomass char was done, the characterization of char surface structure in different pyrolysis temperature was studied. The results showed that the yield of char decreased with the increment of temperature. The char yield of cantleye corniculata and rice husk decreased from 28.38% and 45.84% at 300℃ to 7.55% and 15.45% at 600℃. The yield of char from agricultural biomass was higher than forest biomass at the same pyrolysis conditions. The maximum char yield was 30.32% from bran at 400℃. The minimum char yield was 19.23% from pyinkado, SEM analysis indicated that the char was porous structure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Rice Hull Particles Combustion in the Chain Stoker WANG Qi-min;YANG Hai-rui;YANG Shi;LANG Wei;WANG Jun 2009, 43 (5):  35-38.  Abstract ( 722 )   PDF (850KB) ( 1280 )   Save Under the conditions that the chain stoker main constructions not to be change and the capacity of the chain stoker not to be reduced, the rice hull particles were utilized in the 20 t/h chain stoker. The result shows with the increase of biomass ratio, the loss on ignition(LOI) of stag gradually decreased. The CO concentration and temperature of exhaust gas all gradually increased. The main reason of temperature increase was the combustion of biomass volatile in convective heating surface. It is concluded the small flux, high pressure and big velocity secondary air should be arranged in the front arch region or in the chamber throat in order to enhance the flue gas turbulent and the mix and combustion of air and volatile, so as to decrease the emission of SO2 and save the high quality bituminizes when the coal burning chain stoker combust biomass fuel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Tannins of Eucalyptus Bark ZHAN Nian-yong;YAO Chuang-cheng;LU Wen-hai;LIANG Fa-xing 2009, 43 (5):  39-41.  Abstract ( 887 )   PDF (859KB) ( 1921 )   Save The tannins content in the bark of 4 ages Eucalyptus robusta Smith and E.urophylla in the Guangxi Gaofeng Wood Farm were determined. The vegetable tannin extracts were prepared. It was found that the tannins of the E.robusta Smith and E.urophylla belong to condensed tannins. The tannin content of bark are 7.6% and 7.8%, respectively, the purity are 67.9% and 70.3%;the tannin content of the E.robusta Smith bark extract is 65.4%, and E.urophylla bark extract is 63.3%.The Eucalyptus bark can been used as the new raw material of tannin extract, its tannin extract is worth of promoting and using. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Carbon Materials as Electrode of Capacitor ZHU Guang-zhen;DENG Xian-lun;SUN Kang 2009, 43 (5):  42-48.  Abstract ( 567 )   PDF (937KB) ( 1144 )   Save The relationship between the nature of activated carbon and the performance of capacitor was reviewed. The research progress of carbon materials, including activated carbon prepared from different raw materials, modified activated carbon, activated carbon fiber,carbon nano-tubes,carbon black, used in capacitor electrodes were introduced. The direction of development of capacitors was described. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Modification and Application of Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings XU Xu;SONG Zhan-qian;SHANG Shi-bin;WANG Hong-xiao 2009, 43 (5):  49-54.  Abstract ( 563 )   PDF (904KB) ( 1188 )   Save The development history of waterborne polyurethane was summarized in this paper. The modified methods including epoxy resin modification, silicone modification, fluorine modification, acrylate modification, nano material modification and research progress were mainly introduced. The application fields of waterborne polyurethane such as wood coatings, paper coatings, leather finishing agents, automotive coatings and so on were described. The domestic development direction of waterborne polyurethane was also pointed out. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Co-pyrolysis-liquefaction of Coal and Biomass ZHENG Zhi-feng;HUANG Yuan-bo;PAN Jing;JIANG Jian-chun;DAI Wei-di 2009, 43 (5):  55-60.  Abstract ( 895 )   PDF (975KB) ( 1456 )   Save The co-pyrolysis-liquefaction of coal and biomass is one of the new methods to convert coal and biomass to fuel and chemical materials. The mechanism of co-pyrolysis-liquefaction, reaction kinetics, the synergy of coal and biomass, catalyst, processing technics and co-pyrolysis-liquefied products during the co-liquefaction of coal and biomass are mainly introduced in this paper. The fast co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass will be an important co-processing technology in the future. Promoting the quality of co-liquefied oil and reducing production costs for the application of the catalysts during the co-liquefaction of coal and biomass and the upgrading of co-liquefied products are pointed out. The co-liquefied oil of coal and biomass will be a substitute for the current petrochemical oil. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study of Hesperidin from Orange Peel by Ultrasonic Extraction and Microwave-assisted Extraction WU Gang;PENG Mi-jun;PENG Ai-hua;PENG Sheng;KUANG Yong 2009, 43 (5):  26-30.  Abstract ( 844 )   PDF (959KB) ( 1368 )   Save Orange peel was extracted by saturated calcium hydroxide solution through microwave-assisted extraction or ultrasonic extraction. The yield and extraction rate of hesperidin were used to evaluate the effect of tests. The optimum extraction conditions of microwave-assisted and ultrasound method were obtained and compared by single factor test and orthogonal test. The results showed that the ultrasonic extraction method is superior to microwave-assisted extraction method, and the optimum extraction conditions of ultrasonic were as follows: extraction temperature 20℃, extraction time 70 min, liquid-solid ratio 30:1. Compared with conventional extraction, the yield of hesperidin reached to 5.28%, increased four times, and the extraction rate of hesperidin reached to 78.43%,enchanced 58.21 percentage point, the results of larger experiment is relatively stable by ultrasonic extraction. Related Articles | Metrics