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Recent Progress in Synthesis and Application of Bio-based Polyurethanes
Yonghong ZHOU, Zheng PAN, Meng ZHANG
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2023, 57 (1): 1-12.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2023.01.001
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As a kind of polymer material with versatile product forms, polyurethane is widely used in many applications. Developing technologies that can use green and renewable raw materials as feedstock has become a research hotspot, as well as great significance to the polyurethane research in the future. Based on the relevant literatures of the last decade, this paper focuses on the basic methods and research progress for the synthesis of bio-based polyols and isocyanates from common renewable alternatives, such as vegetable oil(castor oil, soybean oil, tung oil, palm oil, etc.), lignocellulose, rosin, natural phenols(cardanol and tannin), sugars and other biomass resources. In addition, the research status of non-isocyanates was mentioned, and the unique advantages of these materials for the preparation of bio-polyurethane were listed. This article also comprehensively examines the future hurdles that hinder the utilization of these materials, and then the development prospects of bio-based polyurethane materials in different fields are outlooked.

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Research Progress of Heteroatom-doped Biomass-based Carbon Materials
Tianhe WANG, Lin LIN, Jing LIU, Qiang ZHANG, Wenbiao XU, Junyou SHI
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (6): 71-80.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.06.010
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Biomass-based carbon materials had the advantages of low cost, wide source, good electrical conductivity, and good electrochemical stability. Through heteroatom doping, the performance of biomass-based carbon materials was further improved. This paper summarized the methods of introducing heteroatoms into biomass-based carbon materials(in-situ doping and diffusion doping) and their respective advantages and disadvantages. The types of heteroatom doping(nitrogen doping, oxygen doping, phosphorus doping, sulfur doping, halogen doping, and multi-element co-doping) and the effects of heteroatom doping on the structure and properties of biomass-based carbon materials were briefly described. The applications of heteroatom doped carbon materials in energy storage, adsorption separation, and catalytic oxidation were reviewed, and the development direction of heteroatom-doped biomass-based carbon materials was also prospected.

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Novel Catalytic Process for Preparing FDCA from HMF
Jiawei CAI, Kanghui LI, Yongquan JIANG, Shuping WU
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (6): 61-70.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.06.009
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Conversion of biomass into high value-added chemicals was an effective way to solve the current problems of fossil energy depletion and global warming. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) was considered as one of the most important platform compounds, which could be used to prepare many high value organic compounds through oxidation, hydrogenation, and ring-opening reactions. Among its derivatives, 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA) could be regarded as the most promising chemical, which could replace the widely used petroleum-based polyester terephthalic acid(PTA) to synthesize biodegradable polyester polyethylene furanoate(PEF). This article systematically reviewed the new processes for preparing FDCA from HMF through electrocatalytic oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, and biocatalysis. These catalytic methods were different from traditional pyrolysis catalytic methods, which did not requiring high temperature and pressure as well as harmful solvents and expensive catalysts, and had the characteristics of high efficiency, greenness, and sustainability. However, there were still some problems, such as electrocatalysis needed special and stable electrolytes and high requirements for instruments and equipment; photocatalysis had the problems of high cost and low energy conversion rate; biocatalysis had long preparation cycles and the inhibited intermediates. By analyzing the results obtained by these methods and the existing problems, it provided feasible ideas for the efficient catalytic conversion of FDCA in the future.

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Research Progress of Biomass Gasification for Hydrogen-rich Syngas
Jurong REN, Yunhong SU, Hao YING, Yunjuan SUN, Wei XU, Hang YIN
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (3): 39-46.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.03.007
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Hydrogen-rich syngas production from biomass gasification is considered as one of the most promising hydrogen production methods because of its clean and renewable raw materials and the diversity of product application. Catalysts play an important role in controlling the composition of biomass gasification products and the pyrolysis of tar. In this paper, the methods of hydrogen production from fossil energy, water decomposition, and biomass were reviewed, and the advantages, limitations, and existing problems of hydrogen production from biomass gasification were also analyzed. And, the influence factors of biomass gasification(gasification agent, reaction temperature, and catalyst) and the kinds of catalyst and its characteristics which used for biomass gasification(nickel-based, dolomite and alkali, and alkaline earth metal catalysts) were emphatically introduced. The research status of biomass gasification for making hydrogen rich syngas and catalysts in China and abroad were analyzed, and the prospects of the development of catalytic gasification for making hydrogen-rich syngas were discussed. The problems to be solved and the research direction were proposed.

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Research Progress on the Construction and Application of Polymers Based on Dynamic Boronate Bonds
Shuchang GUO, Caiying BO, Lihong HU, Meng ZHANG, Puyou JIA, Yonghong ZHOU
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2023, 57 (1): 49-61.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2023.01.007
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The polymers based on dynamic borate bonds had certain self-healing ability and multiple responses to stimuli, and they could respond to biological signal changes by inducing topological recombination of physical/chemical structures in the materials. A variety of natural/non-natural polymer materials based on three different transesterification mechanisms of borate esters were reviewed in this paper, namely hydrolysis/re-esterification, transesterification between diol and borate and transesterification between borate and borate. It was a strategy to design a more stable tetrahedral borate structure through the synergistic effect of traditional covalent bond and borate dynamic covalent bond to solve the borate ester polymer short plate. Application potential of borate-based polymers in many fields was summarized, such as biomedicine, sensors and recyclable materials. The synergistic of borate ester bond and other dynamic bonds to prepare ideal polymer materials was mainly emphasized, such as hydrogels, organic gels, liquid crystal materials, recyclable nanomaterials, etc.

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Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis of Corn Straw
Huanhuan ZHAO, Wenting XING, Xianglin SONG, Yake LI, Liya ZHANG, Liucheng WANG
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (4): 9-14.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.04.002
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Using corn straw as raw material, the characteristics and kinetics of its pyrolysis were studied by TG. The physicochemical properties of corn straw before and after pyrolysis were analzed according to the TG and DTG curves. Activation energy of corn straw pyrolysis were calculated using the isoconversional models of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS), and the thermal degradation mechanism was investigated by the master-plot and Coats-Redfern(C-R) methods. The results showed that the pyrolysis process of corn straw could be divided into 4 stages: drying dehydration stage, transition stage, main pyrolysis stage, and carbonization stage. The pyrolysis curve shifted to the high temperature side with the increasing heating rate. The apparent activation energies calculated by FWO and KAS were 181.7 and 181.5 kJ/mol, respectively. The pyrolysis mechanism equation of corn straw was calculated using the master-plot method and C-R method, which follows Avrami-Erofeev equation. When α=0.1-0.5, n=3, f(α)=1/3(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]-2, and when α=0.5-0.7, n=2, f(α)=1/2(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]-1.

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Extraction and Chemical Composition Analysis of Tobacco Essential Oil from Different Places
Haoyuan DUAN, Kai ZHU, Jing YANG, Qi FENG, Chengwei LU
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (3): 35-38.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.03.006
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Tobacco in Sichuan, Guizhou, and Fujian was selected as raw materials, and the essential oil of tobacco was extracted by distillation in water. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to analyze the composition and content of tobacco essential oil from different production areas, and the influences of different production areas on the yield and composition of the product were compared. The results showed that the average yields of tobacco from Fujian, Sichuan, and Guizhou were 0.139 1%, 0.085 1%, and 0.107 5%, respectively, and the corresponding contents of neophytadiene were 39.86%, 36.12%, and 44.88%, respectively. According to the comparison analysis, the tobacco produced in Fujian had the highest oil yield and moderate characteristic aroma; the tobacco essential oil produced in Guizhou had moderate oil yield, prominent tobacco aroma, and obvious licorice aroma; the tobacco essential oil produced in Sichuan had the highest oil yield, and weaker aroma.

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Research Progress on Hydrothermal Synthesisand and Application of Biomass Porous Carbon Materials
Mengjie CAI, Jun RAO, Yajie HU, Dan SUN, Feng PENG
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2023, 57 (2): 79-88.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2023.02.010
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Biomass had negative carbon properties and met the requirements of green development as a typical renewable energy. Under relatively mild conditions, hydrothermal carbonization was the process of converting biomass into various functional carbon materials. This paper discussed recent advances of biomass-based porous carbon materials by the hydrothermal transformation from biomass, such as monosaccharides(glucose, fructose, and xylose), lignocellulosic fibers(cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and chitosan. The effects of temperature, reaction time and raw material concentration on its structure and properties were mainly discussed, as well as its applications in gas adsorption, dye adsorption and heavy metal ion adsorption. The authors proposed future research directions for the hydrothermal synthesis of high performance and environmentally friendly porous carbon materials from biomass.

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Research Progress of Rosin-based Surfactants
Shengfeng YE, Zhaolan ZHAI, Xiaoping RAO, Hong GAO, Zhanqian SONG, Shibin SHANG
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (3): 67-74.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.03.010
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As a kind of renewable forest product resource with abundant yield and low price, rosin is widely used in food, agriculture, rubber, ink, coating, and other fields. The tricyclic diterpene structure of rosin possesses extreme hydrophobicity, and hydrophilic groups can be introduced into rosin by means of catalytic isomerism, Diels-Alder addition, and other means to prepare high value-added and biodegradable green surfactants. Rosin-based surfactant literatures and patents published in China and abroad were retrieved from four categories: anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants. The surfactants with the anion of carboxylate, sulfonates, sulfates, and phosphates, and the cation of quaternary, polyols and polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants, and betaine and amine oxide amphoteric ionic surfactants were analyzed especially. The industrialization development of new technologies and new products of rosin-based surfactants were discussed, and the potential application fields of rosin-based surfactants instead of traditional surfactant were proposed. Meanwhile, the research and industrialization development of rosin-based surfactants were also evaluated and prospected.

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Removal Performance and Mechanism of Lead and Cadmium in Water by Corn Straw Biochar
Jianbing ZHAO, Junbo ZHU, Changfu ZHUANG, Zhifeng ZHENG, Shuangqing LI, Xuemei LI
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (4): 15-24.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.04.003
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Biochar was prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis with bulk agricultural waste corn straws as raw material, and the performance of biochar on heavy metal removal was investigated through the adsorption experiments of lead and cadmium in water.The results showed that the corn straw biochar obtained at 800 ℃ was mainly in the form of block and rod, the pore structure was micropores, and the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in the ash were dominated. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were 94.79 and 24.47 mg/g, respectively, when the adsorption temperature was 25 ℃, pH value was 4, adsorption time was 960 min, and the mass concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were 429.24 and 280.34 mg/L. The removal process of lead and cadmium in water by biochar followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Freundlich isotherm model. When the initial mass concentrations of lead and cadmium were all 150 mg/L, the obtained equilibrium adsorption capacities were 69.0 and 24.4 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the process belongs to endothermic and entropy increasing. Additionally, Pb2+ could significantly antagonize the removal of Cd2+ in binary metal ion solution.The adsorption mechanism of corn straw biochar indicated that the removal of both metal ions was the combination of physical adsorption and chemical precipitation.

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Research Progress of Biomass-based Porous Materials on Thermal Insulation Materials
Lei WANG, Xinyuan BI, Fei YE, Yibei LIU, Min WU, Peng LU
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (4): 58-66.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.04.008
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Environment protection, energy saving, and high efficiency are the main research directions for thermal insulation materials in the future, and the development of thermal insulation materials based on biomass is the future trend. Biomass-based porous materials refer to the porous materials prepared from renewable biomass as the precursor, which have the wide raw materials and diverse preparation methods. They have excellent characteristics, such as high porosity, low density, light weight, and so on, which has great application potential in the field of thermal insulation. In this paper, the heat preservation mechanism of the porous materials was overviewed, and the research progress on the cellulose, starch, chitosan, plant protein porous material in recent years was reviewed. The surfactant foaming method, freeze-drying method, pore-forming agent method, mould hot pressing method, solvent exchange phase separation in the application of biomass-based porous material preparation were also highlighted. Finally, the existing problems of biomass-based porous insulation materials are analyzed, and the future research directions of porous insulation materials are also prospected.

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Research Progress on Lignin Depolymerization and Liquid Phase Catalytic Degradation
Haohan JIANG, Shuangming LI, Sansan YU
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (4): 67-76.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.04.009
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As the most abundant renewable resource on the earth, lignocellulosic biomass not only has huge reserves but also has a significant advantage on carbon balance in the utilization process. It has gradually become one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Among the lignocellulose lignin is the largest and only renewable aromatic compound raw material in the nature. It plays a very important role in the conversion of biomass fuels, especially the depolymerization production of benzene chemical products. Based on the brief chemical structure description of lignin, this paper summarized the depolymerization methods of lignin in recent years, such as high-temperature thermal depolymerization, biological enzyme depolymerization, catalytic thermal depolymerization, photocatalytic depolymerization, and solvent pyrolysis. The mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of acid and alkali catalytic system as well as hydrogenation and oxidation catalytic system in the process of liquid-phase catalysis were deeply analyzed. Additionally, the problems existed in the depolymerization methods of lignin at this stage were also summarized, and the developing direction in the future was proposed.

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Effect of Steam Explosion and Puffing Modification on the Structure of Corn Stalks and the Mechanical Properties of Composite Boards
Xinpeng ZHAO, Qingbo ZHOU, Yan ZHENG, Haibin YU
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (6): 17-23.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.06.003
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The corn stalks were expanded by means of single-screw steam explosion to obtain different types of puffed corn straws, which were compounded with polypropylene resin(PP) to prepare a straw composite board. The changes of fiber before and after the explosion were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), reflected infrared(ART-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and Bauer fiber screening tests. The SEM results showed that corn stalks could effectively carry out the "three elements separation" through steam explosion, so that the surface structure of the stalks changed from smooth and regular to fibrous and powdery fragments. Meanwhile, the TGA, DSC and ATR-FTIR results showed that there was no obvious change in the fiber structure during the puffing process, while the hemicellulose and lignin were partially thermally decomposed. The mechanical properties of the straw composite board prepared by expanded corn stalks and PP were tested. Comparing with the board prepared by unexpaned corn stalks as the raw material, the impact resistance and tensile strength of steam expanded corn stalks increased by 15.69% and 17.24%, respectively.Similarly, the impact strength of boards prepared by expanded corn stalks modified by acrylates compolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer increased by 156.74% and 100.98%, respectively, and the tensile strength increased by 83.42% and 12.03%, respectively.

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Research Progress of Molecular Simulation Application of Biomass Hemicellulose
Qixuan LIN, Xinxin LIU, Libo LI, Feng PENG, Junli REN
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (3): 47-58.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.03.008
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Biomass is important renewable resources, mainly containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Hemicellulose is the second most abundant component in plant cell walls, and it can be hydrolyzed to prepare important chemicals and modified to prepare multifunctional materials. This article reviews the research progress of molecular simulation of biomass hemicellulose, including the molecular simulation study of the morphology of hemicellulose macromolecules and its binding mode to cellulose, and the molecular simulation research on the preparation of chemicals and materials from hemicellulose. It can be concluded that the interaction of hemicellulose with cellulose and lignin in the cell wall and its macromolecular morphology have significant influence on the extraction and utilization of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Molecular simulation is helpful to understand the process mechanism and has important theoretical guiding significance for the improvement of reaction efficiency. Finally, the development and application of molecular simulation in hemicellulose research are prospected. The blank areas of hemicellulose molecular simulation are pointed out, mainly including the production of bio-oil by hemicellulose liquefaction, xylose isomerization to produce xylulose, the binding interaction between hemicellulose and lignin, and other hemicellulose-based materials, which requires further exploration and research.

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Research Progress on Furfural Hydrogenation Using Metal Catalysis in Aqueous Medium
Haihong XIA, Minghao ZHOU, Changzhou CHEN, Peng LIU, Jing LI, Jianchun JIANG
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (4): 39-48.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.04.006
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Furfural is the bridge connecting raw biomass to the biorefinery industry. The reductive transformations of furfural in aqueous medium is an important way to prepare a wide variety of fine chemicals. Plenty of downstream products can be obtained by heterogeneous catalyst, such as(tetrahydro) furfuryl alcohol, 2-methyl(tetrahydro) furan, lactone, levulinate, cyclopentanone, cyclopentanol, and so on. The activity of catalyst mainly depends on the properties of metal and support, as well as reaction conditions, such as temperature, time, solvent, and pressure and so on. The research progress of furfural hydrogenation for preparing cyclopentanone and cyclopentanol using different non-noble metal(Cu, Ni, and Co) and precious metals(Pd, Ru, Pt, and Au) based catalyst were summarized. It was found that Ru, Pd, Au, and Cu-based catalysts have higher selectivity than other catalysts, and Cu-Ni bimetallic catalysts have excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, while their stability needs to be improved. The mechanism of the hydrogenation reaction on the metal surface was discussed, and the results showed that the aqueous medium and weaker Lewis acid sites play an important role in the reaction of ring rearrangement. Meanwhile, the future research direction of the hydrogenation reaction of furfural in aqueous medium is proposed.

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Research Progress on Heterogenous Catalytic Conversion of Furfural to γ-Valerolactone by One-pot Reaction
Jianhua WANG, Sisi ZHANG, Yuting ZHUANG, Qiong XU, Dulin YIN
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2023, 57 (1): 62-72.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2023.01.008
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As a important biomass platform compound, γ-valerolactone(GVL) could be used as green solvent, polymer precursor, fuel, and fuel additive, etc. Therefore, catalytic conversion of biomass to GVL was one of the important ways to utilize resource-based bio material and alleviate the resource and energy crisis. Furfural underwent Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley(MPV) transfer hydrogenation reaction to prepare GVL in one pot had the advantages of simple operation, economy, environmental protection, safety and reliability. It was a route with great industrialization potential in the field of GVL synthesis research, therefore, it had received extensive attention from academia and industry. This paper described the catalytic activity centers of Brønsted acid(B acid) and Lewis acid(L acid) required for each step of the conversion of furfural to GVL. The efficient solid catalysts for the preparation of GVL by the one-pot method from furfural were summarized in terms of catalyst construction methods and the structure of the carrier. Molecular sieves with hydrothermal stability and good mass transfer effect(e.g. beta molecular sieve, ZSM-5 molecular sieve, etc.) were found to be the commonly used carriers in this reaction. In addition, modification by molecular sieves with de-Al, or introducing active centers such as Zr and Hf compounds with L acid sites, and phosphotungstic acid with B acid sites are common means to construct efficient bifunctional catalysts for the this reaction. The causes of catalyst deactivation and regeneration methods were also summarized in this paper, and the effects of catalytic reaction conditions such as solvent and temperature on the reaction activity were analyzed. At the same time, some suggestions were provided for the design of new and efficient catalysts for this reaction.

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Research Progress of Rosin-based Fluorescence Derivatives
Hong GAO, Liwei DOU
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2023, 57 (2): 1-11.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2023.02.001
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Rosin was an important natural renewable forestry resource in our country, mainly composed of resin acids, which contained a tricyclic phenanthrene skeleton with conjugated double bond and carboxyl group, thus they could undergo various chemical reactions such as hydrogenation, disproportionation, addition, esterification, rearrangement and oxidation. Dehydroabietic acid whose skeleton contained an aromatic ring was obtained from rosin by catalytic disproportionation and purification. Based on the aromatic ring and carboxylic acid group, a variety of fluorescent derivatives could be developed, which opened up a new way for the high value utilization of rosin. In this paper, several types of fluorescent derivatives based on dehydroabietic acid aromatic ring, including acylated compounds, aromatic amines, heterocyclic compounds, Schiff base compounds and other compounds, and fluorescent derivatives based on carboxylic acid modification, such as dehydroabietylamine, heterocyclic compounds, and dehydroabietic acid carboxyl derivatives, were emphatically summarized. Their fluorescence properties and applications as luminescent materials in the fields of organic light-emitting devices, fluorescent probes and cell imaging, were reviewed. The current existing insufficient problems on the research of rosin-based fluorescent derivatives were discussed, such as the deficiency of blue and red light materials with high luminescence efficiency, lower luminescence efficiency in organic electroluminescent devices relying on solid film luminescence, and the insufficient research on the luminescence mechanism. In addition, development trends in the future were prospected.

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Preparation of Soybean Protein Adhesive from High-temperature Soyben Meal by Thermo-alkali Activation
Zhenhua GAO, Jin LI, Binghan ZHANG, Yumei BAI
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (3): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.03.001
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In order to solve the low crosslinking activity resulted from protein denaturation of high-temperature soybean meal(HTSM), the thermal-alkali activation of HTSM was proposed, and the effects of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) dosage on the structure and properties of HTSM and HTSM-based adhesive were evaluated based on the FT-IR, XRD, XPS, TGA analysis and other traditional methods. The results revealed that thermal-alkali activation could not only unfold HTSM's globular structure to release the buried active group but also hydrolyze partial peptide into amino and carboxyl groups. Then, the crosslinking reactions between reactivated HTSM and crosslinking agent was increased, and the obtained soybean protein adhesive had equivalent thermal and water resistances with the adhesive prepared by low-temperature soybean meal due to the formation of sufficient crosslinked networks. The results of thermal-alkali activation showed that the most preferable NaOH dosage was 2%(mass fraction), and the acetaldehyde value of HTSM was 4.28 mg/g(reactivated HTSM). Correspondingly, the adhesive viscosity was 59.8 Pa·s, the soaked wet bonding strength was 1.48 MPa(63 ℃ for 3 h), the boiling-dry cycled wet bonding strength was 0.96 MPa, the boiling-water-insoluble content was 79.73%, the mass-residue ratio was 40.87%, and the temperature for maximal degradation rate was 306.1 ℃.

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Research Status and Development Trend of Bio-based Dust Suppressants
Zhenglong XUE, Guanhua WANG, Hao SUN, Yunli ZHAO, Chuanling SI, Hongyu JIA
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2023, 57 (2): 62-70.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2023.02.008
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The problem of air pollution caused by flowing dust was becoming more and more prominent to the ecological environment and human health. Dust suppressants had attracted wide attention in the industry owing to their efficient dust suppression performance and convenient usage. At the same time, driven by the "Double Carbon" policy, dust suppressants had been developed towards green and environmental protection. Among them, bio-based dust suppressants prepared from biomass were highly favored owing to the advantages of renewable raw materials and degradability. This paper introduced the classification of dust suppressants(wetting type dust suppressant, bonded dust suppressant, agglomeration-based dust suppressant and composite dust suppressant) and dust suppression mechanism. The status of research and application progress of bio-based dust suppressants prepared from natural biomass raw materials such as starch, cellulose, guar gum, lignin and protein were described in detail, and the main research results of bio-based dust suppressants were listed. Through the introduction and analysis of biomass raw materials, it was shown that biomass raw materials in the preparation of dust suppressants had significant advantages such as degradable, renewable resources and a wide range of sources. It is proposed that the use of natural biomass as a raw material for dust suppressants would be the main research and development direction of dust suppressants under the new environmental protection model.

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A Preliminary Study of the Degassing Pretreatment Effect on the Specific Surface Area and Pore Volume of Woody Activated Carbon
Mingzhe MA, Kang SUN, Hao SUN, Yanping ZHANG, Guanfeng LIN, An'guo WEI
Biomass Chemical Engineering    2022, 56 (5): 23-29.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.05.004
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Before determining the specific surface area and pore volume of woody activated carbon, the activated carbon was pre-treated with degassing, and the effect of pre-treatment conditions(desorption temperature and desorption time) on the specific surface area and pore volume of activated carbon was investigated. The obtained results were compared with those measured under the recommended conditions of the instrument. The results showed that the desorption temperature and time had little influence on the specific surface area and pore volume of physical activated carbon. It was owing to the preparation temperature of physical activated carbon was high few functional groups, the structure was mainly microporous, the adsorption type was mainly physical adsorption, and the adsorption and desorption speeds were fast. The optimum pretreatment condition of physical activated carbon was desorbed at a temperature of 150 ℃ for 3 hours. Compared with the pretreatment conditions of 350 ℃ and 24 hours recommended in the instruction manual of ASAP 2460, pretreatment time was significantly shortened, the power consumption was reduced, and the detection efficiency was improved. The degassing temperature and time had a great influence on the specific surface area and micro-pore of chemical wood activated carbon, and the suitable pretreatment condition was 300 ℃ for 12 h. The main reason was that the preparation temperature of activated carbon by phosphoric acid method was relatively low, and there were many heteroatoms and the surface chemical groups. Physical and chemical adsorption were easy to occur simultaneously, which required higher temperature and longer time for degassing. When the degassing temperature was too high, the adsorbate in the pores would be carbonized to form carbonaceous particles that blocked the pores. At the same time, part of the physical adsorption would be converted into chemical adsorption at a higher activation energy, which would reduce the analysis results.

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