Abstract: Eucalyptus is not only one of the most important high-yield commercial forest species,but also an excellent species of energy resources.Eucalyptus plantation is the fastest growing with the largest biomass among man-made forests of the world because of its highly effective photosynthesis mechanism.Thanks to the good mechanism of water-adaptability, eucalyptus is strongly drought-resistant.Eucalyptus can also reduce nutrient distribution of per specific leaf area to adapt to adverse environment.Eucalyptus is widely adaptable to the poor and lean lands because it is a typical mycorrhizal tree.In Australia, it is easy to find many special varieties including those possessing the characteritics of good salinity-tolerance, waterlogging-tolerance, cold-tolerance or wind-resistance because eucalyptus trees are widely distributed in various types of climatical and geological environments in Australia.The advantages of eucalyptus as bioenergy resource are; easy management and low maintaining costs; easy propagation; the large amount of buds under the bark lead to strong germinating ability; resistance to disease and pest because of its abundant essential oils.The ways for utilizing eucalyptus as bioenergy resource are: transfer of essential oils to diesel oil; The whole tree is a good fuel material because of the high caloric value; Carbonization as charcoal and activated carbon; Liquefied fuels.It is estimated that currently there are 1.8 millions hm² eucalypt plantation in China, which continue to increase at the rate up to 10 % per year.Thanks to the quick development of the plantation, the techniques for production and utilization of eucalyptus have been well developed.This paper introduced also the present status of eucalyptus bioenergy production in Australia.Similarly, the time is ripe to produce bioenergy through eucalyptus in China.

Key words: eucalyptus, bioenergy, superiority, potential