油茶壳综合利用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2021.06.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Camellia oleifera Abel shell, as a by-product produced during the processing of Camellia oleifera Abel, was usually discarded or burned. The resource utilization of C. oleifera shell can not only improve its own added value, but also solve the environmental pollution problems caused by it. Based on the existing research, this paper introduced the main functional components of C. oleifera shell and the utilization of C. oleifera shell in material, fertilizer and energy. C. oleifera shell contained tannins, tea saponins, flavones and polysaccharides and other substances, which made C. oleifera shell an ideal raw material for antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral and other applications. In terms of materialization, the activated carbon adsorbent of C. oleifera shell showed good adsorption effect, but the capacitance material prepared from C. oleifera shell was low in conductivity, and the mechanical properties of wood-based composites were poor. In the aspect of fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and culture medium prepared from C. oleifera shell could obviously improve the soil, improve the quality of fertilizer and promote the growth of seedlings. In terms of energy utilization, the high lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose content made C. oleifera shell have certain advantages in direct combustion power generation, marsh gas production by anaerobic fermentation, bioethanol and bio-oil preparation, but there are some problems such as chloride corrode boiler, lignin is difficult to degrade, low bioethanol yield, low bio-oil yield and so on. In addition, the future utilization direction of C. oleifera shell was prospected. In the aspect of preparing carbon material, the C. oleifera shell need targeted carbonization for capacitor material. In the aspect of wood-based composites, it need to improve the structure and mechanical property. In the aspect functional components utilization, it need to develop high value-added deep processing products and expand production scale. In the aspect of energy, it need to solve the integration problem of biomass conversion process.

Key words: biomass, renewable energy, Camellia oleifera Abel shell, integrated utilization, carbon materials, clean energy

CLC Number:

TQ35
TK6

Meiling XIA, Yunpu WANG, Shumei ZHANG, Yuan ZENG, Yuhuan LIU, Roger RUAN. Research Progress on Comprehensive Utilization of Camellia oleifera Abel Shell[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2021, 55(6): 26-38.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Summary of various extraction methods of tea saponin"

提取方法 extraction method	原料 material	得率/% yield	优点 advantages	缺点 disadvantages	参考文献 references
水浸提法 water extraction	脱脂油茶饼粕 skim oil-tea cake	14.98	成本较低，对环境友好 low cost and environmentally friendly	提取率与纯度不高 low extraction yield and purity	[19]
水提醇沉法 water solution and alcohol sedimentation	脱脂油茶饼粕 skim oil-tea cake	14.63	成本低，纯度高 low cost and high purity	乙醇易挥发 ethanol is volatile	[19]
索氏提取法 soxhlet extraction	茶籽饼 tea-seed cake	18.77	工艺简单，提取率高 simple process, high extraction yield	萃取剂具有一定的毒性，有机溶剂用量大 the extraction agent has certain toxicity, and the amount of organic solvent is large	[20]
超声波提取法 ultrasonic assisted extraction	油茶枯 Camellia oleifera seed pomace	10.57	有效缩短萃取时间，低成本，纯度高 effectively improve extraction time, low cost, high purity	需与其它方法结合使用 need to be used in combination with other methods	[21]
微波辅助提取法 microwave-assisted extraction	茶叶籽粕 tea seed meal	21.64	物料受热均匀，高效、省时，污染少 uniform heating of materials, high efficiency, saving time, less pollution	溶剂必须为极性溶剂 the solvent must be polar	[22]
AB-8大孔树脂 AB-8 microporous resin	油茶壳 Camellia oleifera shell	7.28	选择性好，且具有浓缩、分离作用 good selectivity, and has the function of concentration and separation	受pH值影响较大 it is greatly affected by pH value	[23]
超临界CO₂萃取 supercritical CO₂ extraction	油茶饼 tea-seed cake	6.58	操作简便，且茶皂素的性能好 simple operation and good performance of tea saponin	对设备要求较高，成本大 higher requirements for equipment, high cost	[24]
泡沫分离技术 foam separation technique	茶饼 tea-seed cake	31.64	设备简单，能耗低，提取率高 simple equipment, low energy consumption, high extraction yield	温度、表面气流等对于泡沫分馏性能有重要影响 temperature superficial airflow rate had important influences on performances of foam fractionation	[25]

Table 1

Table 2

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生物质种类 biomass species	活化剂种类 types of activators	活化温度/℃ carbonization temperature	比表面积/(m²·g^-1) specific surface area	总孔容积/(cm³·g^-1) pore volume	介孔容积/(cm³·g^-1) mesoporous volume	介孔率/% mesoporous rate
马尾松masson pine	水蒸气water vapor	900	1647	1	0.36	36
红薯sweet potato	H₂CO₃	800	1054			62
红薯sweet potato	KOH	800	1590			20.3
核桃壳walnut shell	水热炭化hydrothermal carbonization/KOH	800	1236	0.804	0.308	38.3
核桃壳walnut shell	KOH	800	2404	1.344	0.385	28.6
椰壳coconut shell	KOH	800	2891	1.488	1.095	73.6
油茶壳C. oleifera shell	水蒸气water vapor/H₃PO₄	800	1608	1.17	0.71	61
油茶壳C. oleifera shell	ZnCl₂	500	1530	0.7826	0.1837	23.47
油茶壳C. oleifera shell	ZnCl₂	600	2080	1.18	1.06	89.83
油茶壳C. oleifera shell	ZnCl₂	500	1890	2.42	2.01	83.06
杉木屑cedarwood chip	ZnCl₂	550	1956	1.096	0.57	52
杉木屑cedarwood chip	H₃PO₄	475	2354	2.397	1.827	76.22
玉米芯corncob	H₃PO₄	475	2233	2.683	2.177	81.14
棉绒velveteen	H₃PO₄	475	1466	1.413	0.867	61.35
剑麻sisal hemp	H₃PO₄	400	1877	1.87	1.34	71.66

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Research Progress on Comprehensive Utilization of Camellia oleifera Abel Shell

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