发动机润滑油使用中的组成变化和性能衰变特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.05.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Taking the fully synthetic engine lubricant as the research object, the performance and composition changes were studied and its decay characteristics was also explored after 10 000 km running of real vehicle. The results showed that the kinematic viscosity of lubricant decreased by 23.84%. Meanwhile, the total acid value and n-pentane insoluble matter increased up to 3.53 mg/g and 0.268%, respectively, and the contents of wear elements(i.e, Fe and Al) and pollutant element(i.e, Si) increased from < 1, < 1, 2 μg/g to 11, 20, 20 μg/g, respectively. During the decay process of lubricant, the decomposition and polymerization reactions of poly α olefin(PAO) made the composition of lubricant complicated, while the decomposition process was dominated by the decomposition reaction of molecular chain fracture that led to the decrease of kinematic viscosity. In addition, the reaction of oxidation and nitration also occurred, and the ketones, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, amines and acids were generated with the additives consumption, which led to the deepening color and increasing total acid value. The change of lubricant molecular weight distribution indicated that both decomposition and polymerization reactions occured during the decay process, while the chain-breaking decomposition reaction was dominated.

Key words: engine lubricant, composition, performance, degradation properties

CLC Number:

TQ35
TK63

Ruting XU, Jian ZHAO, Kang SUN, Xincheng LU, Yanping ZHANG, Jianchun JIANG. Composition Change and Performance Decay Characteristics of Engine Lubricant During the Utilization[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2022, 56(5): 1-7.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 2

Composition and GC content of methanol extractant of lubricants"

类别 class	有机物名称 compounds	GC含量 GC content/%
类别 class	有机物名称 compounds	润滑油lubricant	废润滑油waste lubricant
烷烃类 alkanes	二十烷eicosane	6.598	9.371
烷烃类 alkanes	十八烷octadecane	—	4.815
酸酯类 acid esters	己二酸，2辛基异己酯adipic acid, isohexyl 2-octyl ester	2.305	—
酸酯类 acid esters	苯并[c]噌啉-2-甲酸benzo[c]cinnoline-2-carboxylic acid	5.987	—
苯系物 benzene series	2，3-二氢-2-甲基-5-苯基-苯并呋喃2, 3-dihydro-2-methyl-5-phenyl-benzofuran	1.156	—
	环七[b]萘-1-酮cyclohepta[b]naphthalene-1-one	12.685	—
	3-乙氧基-1-氧代-1氢-苯烯3-ethoxy-1-oxo-1H-phenalene	8.086	—
	1H-茚，2, 3-二氢-1, 2-二甲基1H-indene, 2, 3-dihydro-1, 2-dimethyl-	—	1.785
	2, 3-二氢-1, 1, 3-三甲基-茚2, 3-dihydro-1, 1, 3-trimethyl-indene	—	28.609
	2-甲基-萘2-methyl-naphthalene	—	13.494
	2, 6-二甲基-萘2, 6-dimethyl-naphthalene	—	1.776
	2, 3-二甲基-萘2, 3-dimethyl-naphthalene	—	3.669
	蒽anthracene	—	1.865
	1-甲基-蒽1-methyl-anthracene	—	6.226
	1，4-二甲基-蒽1, 4-dimethyl-anthracene	—	0.467
	1-甲基-5-氧吩嗪1-methylphenazine 5-oxide	—	3.601
	3-乙氧基-1-氧代-1H-苯醌3-ethoxy-1-oxo-1H-benzoquinone	—	2.417
	2-(8-甲基咪唑[1, 2-a]吡啶-2-基)-苯酚2-(8-methylimidazo[1, 2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-phenol	—	3.336
	3, 5, 3'，5'-四甲基联苯3, 5, 3', 5'-tetramethylbiphenyl	—	2.904
	4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮，5, 7-二羟基-2-(3-羟基-4, 5-二甲氧基苯基)-6, 8-二甲氧基4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 5, 7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6, 8-dimethoxy-	—	1.339
胺类amines	4-丁基-N-(4-乙氧基苯亚甲基)苯胺4-butyl-N-(4-ethoxybenzylidene) aniline	2.361	—
	1, 3, 5-三嗪-2(1H)-酮，4, 6-双(二丙基氨基) 1, 3, 5-triazin-2(1H)-one, 4, 6-bis(dipropylamino)	15.358	—
	2-氨基-5-异丙基-8-甲基-1-唑啉腈2-amino-5-isopropyl-8-methyl-1-azulenecarbonitrile	12.871	—
	1, 2-二氨基-9, 10-蒽醌1, 2-diamino-9, 10-anthracenedione	2.840	—
	双乙酰单体-((3, 4-二甲基-5-异恶唑基)腙)-单肟biacetyl mono((3, 4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)hydrazone) monooxime	12.661	—
	N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-羟基亚胺-乙酰胺N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyimine acetamide	—	3.462
硅氧烷类 siloxanes	十甲基四硅氧烷decamethyl-tetrasiloxane	4.754	—
硅氧烷类 siloxanes	六甲基环三硅氧烷hexamethyl-cyclotrisiloxane	12.34	—
酮类 ketones	7, 9-二叔丁基-1-氧(4, 5)癸-6, 9-二烯-2, 8-二酮7, 9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4, 5)deca-6, 9-diene-2, 8-dione	—	5.674
酮类 ketones	6-丁氧基-4-氯-1-甲基-1, 5-萘啶-2-酮6-butoxy-4-chloro-1-methyl-1, 5-naphthyridin-2-one	—	5.191

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.3

Table 5

References 18

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样品 sample	运动黏度(100 ℃)/ (mm²·s^-1) kinematic viscosity	总酸值/ (mg·g^-1) total acid value	正戊烷不溶物/% n-pentane insoluble substance	磨损元素/(μg·g^-1) wear element					Si/ (μg·g^-1)	颜色 color
样品 sample	运动黏度(100 ℃)/ (mm²·s^-1) kinematic viscosity	总酸值/ (mg·g^-1) total acid value	正戊烷不溶物/% n-pentane insoluble substance	Fe	Cu	Pb	Cr	Al	Si/ (μg·g^-1)	颜色 color
润滑油 lubricant	8.81	0.19	0	< 1	< 1	< 1	< 1	< 1	2	黄亮色 bright yellow
废润滑油 waste lubricant	6.71	3.53	0.268	11	< 1	< 1	< 1	20	20	棕黑色 brownish black

类别 class	有机物名称 compounds	GC含量GC content/%
类别 class	有机物名称 compounds	润滑油 lubricant	废润滑油 waste lubricant
烷烃类 alkanes	十五烷pentadecane	1.899	—
	十八烷octadecane	3.374	5.131
	二十烷eicosane	1.679	50.010
	二十一烷heneicosane	0.375	15.188
	二十二烷docosane	10.488	7.634
	二十三烷tricosane	—	5.038
	二十四烷tetracosane	70.198	8.599
	二十八烷octacosane	—	6.876
	11-丁基二十二烷11-butyl-docosane	4.512	—
	3-甲基庚烷3-methyl-heptadecane	4.797	—
	7-己基二十二烷7-hexyl-docosane	1.039	—
酸类 acids	壬酸nonanoic acid	—	1.182
苯系物 benzene series	2-甲基萘2-methyl-naphthalene	—	0.343
	N-甲基-N-苯基-苯甲醛肼benzaldehyde hydrazine, N-methyl-n-phenyl	0.660	—
	四甲基联苯tetramethylbiphenyl	0.978	—

类别 class	有机物名称 compounds	GC含量GC content/%
类别 class	有机物名称 compounds	润滑油 lubricant	废润滑油 waste lubricant
烷烃类 alkanes	十八烷octadecane	1.858	30.171
	二十烷eicosane	1.523	1.453
	二十一烷heneicosane	—	55.926
	二十二烷docosane	9.396	7.035
	二十三烷tricosane	—	0.314
	二十四烷tetracosane	56.100	3.315
	二十八烷octacosane	5.662	—
	3-甲基庚烷3-methyl-heptane	23.588	—
	9-辛基庚烷9-octyl-heptane	1.873	1.419
醇类 alcohol	2-己基-1-癸醇2-hexyl-1-decanol	—	0.370

样品 sample	M_n/ (g·mol^-1)	M_w/ (g·mol^-1)	分子质量分布molecular mass distribution/%
样品 sample	M_n/ (g·mol^-1)	M_w/ (g·mol^-1)	＜400	400~500	500~600	600~700	700~800	800~900	＞900
润滑油lubricant	658	1 115	4.71	3.76	11.81	44.77	14.39	5.91	14.65
废润滑油waste lubricant	633	1 174	5.54	7.94	18.05	33.37	13.54	9.58	11.97

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Composition Change and Performance Decay Characteristics of Engine Lubricant During the Utilization

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