活性炭改性技术研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2020.05.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Activated carbon has unique physical and chemical properties and is widely used in many fields such as industry, civil and national defense, and has an irreplaceable important role. Common activated carbon can not meet the needs of human production and life expansion, so further research on modified activated carbon technology has become a hot spot.In this paper, the research results of chemical modification(oxidation modification, reduction modification, acid and alkali modification, loading metal modification and plasma modification) and physical modification(high temperature heat treatment and microwave modification) of activated carbon were summarized, the technical characteristics of different modification methods were compared and the furture development of the modification technology was prospected.

Key words: activated carbon, chemical modification, physical modification

CLC Number:

TQ35

Xiaopeng JIAN,Wei XU,Xinglong HOU,Shicai LIU. Research Progress on Activated Carbon Modification Technology[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2020, 54(5): 66-72.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig.1

Table 1

Comparison of chemical modification methods[40]"

改性方式 modified way	特点 characteristic	优劣 advantages and disadvantages
氧化改性 oxidation modification	含氧官能团的数量增加the number of oxygen-containing functional groups increases	优点：活性炭表面的亲水性、酸性、极性增加，从而使得比表面积增大，对极性物质吸附性增强;缺点:对非极性物质吸附能力降低advantages:activated carbon surface hydrophilic, acidic, polar increase, so as to increase the specific surface area, the polarity of the absorption of substances enhanced; disadvantages:the adsorption ability of non-polar substances is reduced
还原改性 reduction modification	含碱性官能团的数量增加the number of basic functional groups increases	优点：活性炭表面的非极性增加，对非极性物质吸附性增强;缺点：对极性物质吸附能力降低advantages: the surface of activated carbon non-polar increase, non-polar material adsorption enhancement; disadvantages: the adsorption ability of polar substances is reduced
酸碱改性 acid and alkali modification	改变活性炭表面官能团数量和种类change the number and type of functional groups on the surface of activated carbon	优点：能够得到针对某类物质吸附的专用活性炭;缺点：比表面积减少 advantage:get a specific kind of material adsorption activated carbon; disadvantages:reduced surface area
负载金属改性 loading metal modification	调控活性炭表面基团类型regulate the surface group type of activated carbon	优点：对金属离子的吸附性增强；再生性和重复性利用好;缺点：对不同物质吸附，需要负载的原子和化合物不同 advantages:the adsorbability of metal ions is enhanced; reproducibility and repeatability; disadvantages: adsorption of different substances, need to load different atoms and compounds
等离子体改性 plasma modification	表面处理surface treatment	优点：效率高、速度快、功能多、可大面积工业化运行;缺点：运行成本高，不易控制advantages:high efficiency, high speed, many functions, large area of industrialization; disadvantages:high operating cost, not easy to control

Table 1

Table 2

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改性方式 modified way	特点 characteristic	优劣 advantages and disadvantages
高温热处理改性 high temperature heat treatment modification	改变孔隙结构 change of pore structure	优点：化学性质稳定，活性炭比表面积和总孔容增加；缺点:孔道易收缩导致吸附能下降 advantages: stable chemical properties, activated carbon specific surface area and total pore volume increase; disadvantages: the pore is easy to shrink, resulting in the decrease of adsorption energy
微波改性 microwave modification	既改变孔隙结构，又影响表面官能团种类和数量it not only changes the pore structure, but also affects the type and quantity of surface functional groups	优点:加热快、无污染、高效节能和控制方便；缺点：孔径变小，表面粗糙和碳骨架容易收缩 advantages: fast heating, no pollution, high efficiency, energy saving and easy control; disadvantages: small aperture, rough surface and easy shrinkage of carbon skeleton

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