木质生物质在不同溶剂作用下的液化反应研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2018.05.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物质液化技术可将低品位的固体生物质转化成高品位的液体燃料或化学品，是生物质高效利用的主要方式。首先分析了不同生物质组分液化过程中的机理，在此基础上，以木质生物质液化溶剂的选择为出发点，讨论了水、醇类以及混合溶剂作用下的液化反应，同时比较了催化剂对液化过程及产品组成的影响，指出醇类溶剂液化在液化油产品质量、液化过程分子结构的调控方面具有较大的优势，在高品质液化油、燃油添加剂合成等方面具有较高的应用前景。

关键词: 木质生物质, 液化, 生物油, 溶剂

Abstract: Biomass liquefaction technology can convert low-grade solid biomass into high-grade liquid fuel or chemicals, which is the main way of efficient utilization of biomass. Firstly, the mechanism of liquefaction of different biomass components was analysed. On the basis of this, the liquefaction reactions with water, alcohols and mixed solvents as liquefaction solvent were discussed. Then,the influences of catalyst on liquefaction process and product composition were analyzed and compared. The great advantages of alcohols in the quality of liquefied oil and the molecular structure of the liquefaction process were pointed out, and it has high application prospect in high quality liquefied oil, fuel additive synthesis and so on.

Key words: lignocellulose biomass, liquefaction, bio-oil, solvents

中图分类号:

TQ35

翟巧龙, 徐俊明, 苏秋丽, 李芳琳. 木质生物质在不同溶剂作用下的液化反应研究进展[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2018, 52(5): 46-54.

ZHAI Qiaolong, XU Junming, SU Qiuli, LI Fanglin. Research Progress on Liquefaction of Lignocellulose Using Different Solvents[J]. bce, 2018, 52(5): 46-54.

参考文献

[1] TYMCHYSHYN M,XU C C. Liquefaction of bio-mass in hot-compressed water for the production of phenolic compounds[J]. Bioresource Technology,2010,101(7):2483-2490.
[2] BESSON M,GALLEZOT P,PINEL C. Conversion of biomass into chemicals over metal catalysts[J]. Chemical Reviews,2013,114(3):1827-1870.
[3] NAZARI L,YUAN Z,SOUZANCHI S,et al. Hydrothermal liquefaction of woody biomass in hot-compressed water:Catalyst screening and comprehensive characterization of bio-crude oils[J]. Fuel,2015,162:74-83.
[4] BEAUCHET R,PINARD L,KPOGBEMABOU D,et al. Hydroliquefaction of green wastes to produce fuels[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):6200-6207.
[5] XIU S,SHAHBAZI A. Bio-oil production and upgrading research:A review[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(7):4406-4414.
[6] BEHRENDT F,NEUBAUER Y,OEVERMANN M,et al. Direct liquefaction of biomass[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology,2010,31(5):667-677.
[7] ZAKZESKI J,BRUIJNINCX P C A,JONGERIUS A L,et al. The catalytic valorization of lignin for the production of renewable chemicals[J]. Chemical Reviews,2010,110(6):3552.
[8] ZHANG L,XU C,CHAMPAGNE P. Overview of recent advances in thermo-chemical conversion of biomass[J]. Energy Conversion & Management,2010,51(5):969-982.
[9] HUANG H J. Recent progress in the direct liquefaction of typical biomass[J]. Progress in Energy & Combustion Science,2015,49:59-80.
[10] TOOR S S,ROSENDAHL L,RUDOLF A. Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass:A review of subcritical water technologies[J]. Energy,2011,36(5):2328-2342.
[11] TEKIN K,KARAGZ,BEKTA S. A review of hydrothermal biomass processing[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,40:673-687.
[12] YANG P F,KOBAYASHI H,FUKUOKA A,et al. Recent developments in the catalytic conversion of cellulose into valuable chemicals[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis,2011,32(5):716-722.
[13] ZHAO X B,ZHANG L H,LIU D H. Biomass recalcitrance, part 1:The chemical compositions and physical structures affescing the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose[J]. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining,2012,6:465-482.
[14] VASSILEV S V,BAXTER D,ANDERSEN L K,et al. An overview of the organic and inorganic phase composition of biomass[J]. Fuel,2012,94(1):1-33.
[15] 曾常伟,林星,汪雪琴,等. 亚/超临界甲醇体系中磷钼酸催化液化木粉[J]. 福建农林大学学报:自然版,2016,45(3):349-355.
[16] AIDA T M,SHIRAISHI N,KUBO M,et al. Reaction kinetics of d-xylose in sub-and supercritical water[J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2010,55(1):208-216.
[17] 余强,庄新姝,袁振宏,等. 高温液态水中甜高粱渣半纤维素水解及其机理[J]. 化工学报,2012,63(2):599-605.
[18] 李坚,陆文达,刘一星,等. 木材科学[M]. 哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1994.
[19] 鸿毅,朱军. 废弃物生物质液化制取生物油的研究进展[J]. 环境污染与防治,2014,36(3):87-93.
[20] PARSELL T,YOHE S,DEGENSTEIN J,et al. A synergistic biorefinery based on catalytic conversion of lignin prior to cellulose starting from lignocellulosic biomass[J]. Green Chemistry,2015,17(3):1492-1499.
[21] VARDON D R,SHARMA B K,SCOTT J,et al. Chemical properties of biocrude oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina algae, swine manure, and digested anaerobic sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(17):8295-8303.
[22] BRAND S,HARDI F,KIM J,et al. Effect of heating rate on biomass liquefaction:Differences between subcritical water and supercritical ethanol[J]. Energy,2014,68:420-427.
[23] TOOR S S,ROSENDAHL L,RUDOLF A. Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass:A review of subcritical water technologies[J]. Energy,2011,36(5):2328-2342.
[24] ISA K M,ABDULLAH T A T,ALI U F M. Hydrogen donor solvents in liquefaction of biomass:A review[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,81(1):1259-1268.
[25] ZHU Z,TOOR S S,ROSENDAHL L,et al. Influence of alkali catalyst on product yield and properties via hydrothermal liquefaction of barley straw[J]. Energy,2015,80:284-292.
[26] WANG Y,WANG H,LIN H F,et al. Effects of solvents and catalysts in liquefaction of pinewood sawdust for the production of bio-oils[J]. Biomass & Bioenergy,2013,59(1):158-167.
[27] SINGH R,PRAKASH A,BALAGURUMURTHY B,et al. Hydrothermal liquefaction of agricultural and forest biomass residue:Comparative study[J]. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management,2015,17(3):442-452.
[28] ROSS A B,BILLER P,KUBACKI M L,et al. Hydrothermal processing of microalgae using alkali and organic acids[J]. Fuel,2010,89(9):2234-2243.
[29] KARIMI K,KHERADMANDINIA S,TAHERZADEH M J. Conversion of rice straw to sugars by dilute-acid hydrolysis[J]. Biomass & Bioenergy,2006,30(3):247-253.
[30] HARRY I,IBRAHIM H,THRING R,et al. Catalytic subcritical water liquefaction of flax straw for high yield of furfural[J]. Biomass & Bioenergy,2014,71:381-393.
[31] SEEHRA M S,POPP B V,GOULAY F,et al. Hydrothermal treatment of microcrystalline cellulose under mild conditions:Caracterization of solid and liquid-phase products[J]. Cellulose,2014,21(6):4483-4495.
[32] LONG J,LI Y,ZHANG X,et al. Comparative investigation on hydrothermal and alkali catalytic liquefaction of bagasse:Process efficiency and product properties[J]. Fuel,2016,186:685-693.
[33] 王立华,袁兴中,曾光明,等. 生物质水热法催化液化的实验研究[J]. 太阳能学报,2009,30(8):1134-1138.
[34] KUMAR S,GUPTA R B. Biocrude production from switchgrass using subcritical water[J]. Energy & Fuels,2009,23(10):5151-5159.
[35] SUN P Q,MINGXING H,SUN S H,et al. Direct liquefaction of paulownia in hot compressed water:Influence of catalysts[J]. Energy,2010,35(12):5421-5429.
[36] KARIMI K,KHERADMANDINIA S,TAHERZADEH M J. Conversion of rice straw to sugars by dilute-acid hydrolysis[J]. Biomass & Bioenergy,2006,30(3):247-253.
[37] TEKIN K,KARAGÖZ S,BEKTAŞ S. Hydrothermal liquefaction of beech wood using a natural calcium borate mineral[J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2012,72:134-139.
[38] BUI N,FONGARLAND P,RATABOUL F,et al. Thermochemical fractionation/liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass in supercritical ethanol:Influence of the experimental parameters[J]. Journal of Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Engineering,2015,119(2):319-334.
[39] XU J,JIANG J,HSE C,et al. Effect of methanol on the liquefaction reaction of biomass in hot compressed water under microwave energy[J]. Energy & Fuels,2013,27(8):4791-4795.
[40] XU J,XIE X,WANG J,et al. Directional liquefaction coupling fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass for platform chemicals[J]. Green Chemistry,2016,18(10):3124-3138.
[41] BRAND S,SUSANTI R F,KIM S K,et al. Supercritical ethanol as an enhanced medium for lignocellulosic biomass liquefaction:Influence of physical process parameters[J]. Energy,2013,59:173-182.
[42] LIU D,LI Q,ZHAO A,et al. Hydro-liquefaction of sawdust and its three components in supercritical ethanol with[BMIM]Cl/NiCl₂, catalyst[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,279:921-928.
[43] HUANG H J,YUAN X Z,ZENG G M,et al. Thermochemical liquefaction of rice husk for bio-oil production with sub-and supercritical ethanol as solvent[J]. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis,2013,102(7):60-67.
[44] DENG W,LIU M,ZHANG Q,et al. Acid-catalysed direct transformation of cellulose into methyl glucosides in methanol at moderate temperatures[J]. Chemical Communications,2010,46(15):2668-2670.
[45] JUN Y,EIJI M,SHIRO S. Liquefaction of beech wood in various supercritical alcohols[J]. Journal of Wood Science,2006,52(6):527-532.
[46] XU C C,SHAO Y,YUAN Z,et al. Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass in hot-compressed water, alcohols, and alcohol-water co-solvents for biocrude production[J]. Application of Hydrothermal Reactions to Biomass Conversion,2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54458-3_8.
[47] CHENG S,D'CRUZ I,WANG M,et al. Highly efficient liquefaction of woody biomass in hot-compressed alcohol-water co-solvents[J]. Energy & Fuels,2010,24(9):4659-4667.
[48] LIU Y,YUAN X Z,HUANG H J,et al. Thermochemical liquefaction of rice husk for bio-oil production in mixed solvent(ethanol-water)[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2013,112(3):93-99.
[49] WANG M,XU C C,LEITCH M. Liquefaction of cornstalk in hot-compressed phenol-water medium to phenolic feedstock for the synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde resin[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100(7):2305-2307.
[50] YAN H L,ZONG Z M,ZHU W W,et al. Poplar liquefaction in water/methanol co-solvents[J]. Energy & Fuels,2015,29(5):3104-3110.
[51] YUAN X Z,LI H,ZENG G M,et al. Sub-and supercritical liquefaction of rice straw in the presence of ethanol-water and 2-propanol-water mixture[J]. Energy,2007,32(11):2081-2088.
[52] YE Y Y,FAN J,JIE C. Effect of reaction conditions on hydrothermal degradation of cornstalk lignin[J]. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis,2012,94(6):190-195.