好氧生物预处理时间对玉米秸秆水解酸化的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以玉米秸秆为原料，先经复合菌系进行好氧生物预处理，然后接种厌氧污泥进行厌氧发酵，考察了预处理时间对厌氧发酵的影响，并测定木质纤维素结构及含量变化、关键性酶活、微生物多样性和厌氧发酵酸化产量。研究结果表明：随着预处理时间的延长，玉米秸秆的结构逐渐被破坏，木质素过氧化物酶活性逐渐降低，木聚糖酶和纤维素酶活性逐渐升高，最高分别达0.879和0.025 7 U/mg。放线菌、芽孢杆菌和曲霉菌是秸秆好氧生物预处理中的优势菌群。玉米秸秆经好氧生物预处理2 d，厌氧发酵产酸效果最佳，乙醇和挥发性脂肪酸产量为249.3 mg/g，比未处理提高了46.73%；玉米秸秆经好氧生物预处理5 d，乙醇和挥发性脂肪酸产量为138.2 mg/g，比未处理降低了18.66%。过长的玉米秸秆好氧预处理时间会使玉米秸秆中半纤维素、纤维素过度降解，这是造成玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产酸量下降的主要原因。以能源化、资源化为目的的玉米秸秆厌氧发酵预处理时，利用复合菌系好氧生物处理作为其预处理方法，应严格控制预处理时间，避免因为纤维素、半纤维素过度降解导致的产品产率下降问题。

关键词: 玉米秸秆, 好氧生物处理, 厌氧发酵, 挥发性脂肪酸

Abstract:

Corn straw was used as raw material for aerobic biological pretreatment by a complex bacterial system and then inoculated with anaerobic sludge for anaerobic fermentation. The influence of pretreatment time on anaerobic fermentation was investigated, and the changes in lignocellulose structure and content, key enzyme activities, microbial diversity and anaerobic acidification fermentation yield were determined. The results showed that with the extension of pretreatment time, the structure of corn straw was gradually destroyed, the activity of lignin peroxidase, the key enzyme for lignin degradation, gradually decreased, and the activities of xylanase and cellulase gradually increased and were up to 0.879 U/mg and 0.0257 U/mg. Actinomyces, Bacillus and Aspergillus were the dominant bacterium groups in the aerobic biological pretreatment of straw. The best acid production from anaerobic fermentation of corn straw was achieved by aerobic biological pretreatment for 2 d. The yield of ethanol and volatile fatty acids was 249.3 mg/g, 46.73% higher than that of untreated. The yield of ethanol and volatile fatty acids was 138.2 mg/g after 5 d of aerobic pretreatment, which was 18.66% lower than that of the untreated corn straw. The reason for the decrease of volatile fatty acids production from anaerobic fermentation due to extended aerobic pretreatment time was the excessive degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose. The pretreatment method of anaerobic fermentation of corn straw using aerobic biological pretreatment with complex microbial system as the purpose of energy and resource utilization should strictly control the pretreatment time to avoid the decrease of product yield caused by excessive degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose.

Key words: corn straw, aerobic biological treatment, anaerobic fermentation, volatile fatty acids

中图分类号:

TQ35
X71

李希越, 王洪波, 赵玉晓, 华栋梁, 王宁. 好氧生物预处理时间对玉米秸秆水解酸化的影响[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2022, 56(1): 13-22.

Xiyue LI, Hongbo WANG, Yuxiao ZHAO, Dongliang HUA, Ning WANG. Effect of Aerobic Biological Pretreatment Time on Hydrolytic Acidification of Corn Straw[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2022, 56(1): 13-22.

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处理时间/d time	玉米秸秆质量减少量/mg mass reduction of corn straw	降解率/% degradation rate	纤维素cellulose		半纤维素hemicellulose		木质素lignin
处理时间/d time	玉米秸秆质量减少量/mg mass reduction of corn straw	降解率/% degradation rate	质量/mg mass	降解率/% degradation rate	质量/mg mass	降解率/% degradation rate	质量/mg mass	降解率/% degradation rate
1	1112	5.55	7442	1.29	7397	3.09	1876	5.58
2	1293	6.46	7421	1.56	7251	5.00	1779	10.44
3	2018	10.09	7171	4.88	7060	7.51	1602	19.35
4	2776	13.88	7113	5.65	4325	17.14	1555	21.71
5	3432	17.16	6901	8.47	5908	22.59	1552	21.85

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