生物质炭在焦油裂解脱除领域的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2021.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于生物质焦油的组成特性、危害及其处理方法，简单介绍了生物质焦油催化裂解脱除的机理及近年来的研究进展，重点阐述了生物质炭对焦油的催化转化机理（主要涉及裂解、重整和缩合3种反应）、生物质炭对焦油的吸附和重整作用，以及在催化转化过程中，生物质炭的催化性能受原料、裂解温度、加热速率和停留时间等因素的影响。通过分析生物质炭改性后的性能变化，发现生物质炭中添加金属助剂或经结构改性后具有高效催化裂解焦油的潜力，为进一步研发低成本复合型催化剂提供了方向。

关键词: 生物质气化, 生物质焦油, 生物质炭, 催化裂解

Abstract:

Based on the composition characteristics, hazards and treatment methods of biomass tar, the mechanism of catalytic cracking of biomass tar and the research progress in recent years are briefly introduced, and the catalytic conversion mechanism of biomass charcoal (mainly involving cracking, The three reactions of reforming and condensation), the adsorption and reforming of biomass charcoal, and the catalytic conversion process, the catalytic performance of biomass charcoal is affected by factors such as raw materials, cracking temperature, heating rate and residence time. By analyzing the performance changes of biomass charcoal after modification, it is found that the addition of metal promoters or structural modification of biomass charcoal has the potential for high-efficiency catalytic cracking of tar, which provides a direction for further research and development of low-cost composite catalysts.

Key words: biomass gasification, biomass tar, biomass coke, catalytic cracking

中图分类号:

TQ35
TK6

贺东洋, 梁国威, 李欣阳, 吴双奕, 牛淼淼. 生物质炭在焦油裂解脱除领域的研究进展[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2021, 55(4): 77-84.

Dongyang HE, Guowei LIANG, Xinyang LI, Shuangyi WU, Miaomiao NIU. Research Review on Cracking and Removal of Tar Catalyzed by Biomass Coke[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2021, 55(4): 77-84.

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种类 type	温度/℃ temperature	性质 nature	代表性化合物 representative compound
一级焦油	400~600	由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素裂解形成	左旋葡聚糖、糠醛和羟基乙醛
二级焦油	600~800	由一级焦油转化为二级焦油	苯酚、甲苯和二甲苯
三级焦油	800~1000	无氧原子取代的芳烃	苯、萘、芘和甲苯

催化剂 catalyst	单环芳烃 single-ring aromatics	多环芳烃 polycyclic aromatics	含氧化合物 O-containing compounds	杂环化合物 heterocyclic compounds	脂肪类化合物 aliphatics
空白组blank	31.03	16.42	17.16	12.39	2.37
焦炭char	36.84	14.22	13.73	9.36	2.37
负载6%Ni的焦炭Ni-6%/char	42.00	7.53	6.41	3.11	2.37

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