不同热解温度下禾本科植物生物炭理化特性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2021.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以禾本科植物王草、水稻秸秆、甘蔗渣和玉米秸秆为原料，在厌氧条件下于300、500和700℃制备王草炭（I）、水稻秸秆炭（R）、甘蔗渣炭（S）和玉米秸秆炭（M），研究了不同热解温度对生物炭结构及组成的影响。研究结果表明：随着热解温度升高，4种生物炭产率下降，300℃时I、R、S和M的产率分别为45.81%、48.67%、46.81%和46.00%，而700℃时产率则分别为33.93%、35.47%、25.42%和31.23%；灰分和碳含量升高，700℃时I、R、S和M的灰分较300℃分别提高了54.39%、65.44%、95.54%和71.65%；I、S和M的C/N比随温度升高而升高，R与之相反。4种生物炭pH值随温度升高而升高，700℃时I、R、S和M的pH值分别为7.68、9.87、7.59和9.33，均呈碱性；I和S孔隙结构丰富，随温度升高，孔隙数量增加，而R和M均在700℃形成了一定量的絮状结构；X射线能谱（EDS）分析结果表明R中Si元素含量较高。随温度升高，4种生物炭中烷烃基、甲基（—CH₃）和亚甲基（—CH₂）逐渐消失，生物炭结构以芳香族化合物和含氧官能团为主，结构更稳定。

关键词: 热解温度, 灰分, 禾本科植物, 生物炭

Abstract:

The biochars I, R, S and M were prepared at 300, 500 and 700℃ with the grasses of king grass, rice straw, bagasse and corn straw as raw materials, respectively. The effects of different pyrolysis temperatures on the structure and composition of biochar were studied. Results showed that with pyrolysis temperature increasing, the yield of the four kinds of biochars decreased, carbon content and ash content increased. The yields of I, R, S and M at 300℃ were 45.81%, 48.67%, 46.81% and 46.00%, and the yields at 700℃ were 33.95%, 35.47%, 25.42% and 31.23%. The ash contents and I, R, S and M at 700℃ increased by 54.39%, 65.44%, 95.54% and 71.85% compared those at 300℃. The C/N ratio of R, S, and M were increased with pyrolysis temperature increasing, but that of R was opposite. The pH values of the four biochars increased with pyrolysis temperature increasing. The pH values of I, R, S and M at 700℃ were 7.68, 9.87, 7.59 and 9.33. I and S was porosity and the number of pore increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. Both R and M formed a certain amount of flocs at 700℃. EDX analysis revealed that the elemental composition of Si was contained higher in R. Infrared spectroscopy showed that with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the alkane groups, methyl groups (—CH₃) and methylene groups (—CH₃) of the four kinds of biochars gradually disappear. The biochar structure was dominated by aromatic compounds and oxygen functional groups, and the structure was more stable.

Key words: pyrolysis temperature, ash contents, gramineae plant, biochar

中图分类号:

TQ35

朱启林, 曹明, 张雪彬, 陶凯, 柯用春, 孟磊. 不同热解温度下禾本科植物生物炭理化特性分析[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2021, 55(4): 21-28.

Qilin ZHU, Ming CAO, Xuebin ZHANG, Kai TAO, Yongchun KE, Lei MENG. Physicochemical and Infrared Spectroscopic Properties of Gramineae Plants Biochar at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2021, 55(4): 21-28.

图/表 6

表1

表2

表3

图1

图2

图3

参考文献 34

1	李力, 陆宇超, 刘娅, 等. 玉米秸秆生物炭对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附机理研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31 (11): 2277- 2283.
2	AHMAD M , RAJAPAKSHA A U , LIM J E , et al. Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: A review[J]. Chemosphere, 2014, 99, 19- 33. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.071
3	CANTRELL K B , HUNT P G , UCHIMIYA M , et al. Impact of pyrolysis temperature and manure source on physicochemical characteristics of biochar[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 107, 419- 428. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.084
4	公丕涛, 杜旭华, 钟哲科, 等. 柠条裂解产品的化学成分和性质[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2015, 29 (1): 71- 76.
5	SUN K , RO K , GUO M X , et al. Sorption of bisphenol A, 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol and phenanthrene on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102 (10): 5757- 5763. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.038
6	富丽, 徐先英, 付贵全, 等. 五种生物质炭的特性分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2019, 33 (9): 202- 208.
7	王宁, 侯艳伟, 彭静静, 等. 生物炭吸附有机污染物的研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2012, 31 (3): 287- 295.
8	曹国良, 张小曳, 王亚强, 等. 中国区域农田秸秆露天焚烧排放量的估算[J]. 科学通报, 2007, 52 (15): 1826- 1831. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074x.2007.15.017
9	刘朝霞, 牛文娟, 楚合营, 等. 秸秆热解工艺优化与生物炭理化特性分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34 (5): 196- 203.
10	赵金凤, 陈静文, 张迪, 等. 玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆生物炭的热稳定性及化学稳定性[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2019, 38 (2): 458- 465.
11	郑慧杰, 徐豪东, 王学良, 等. 甘蔗渣炭对湿润铁铝土酶活性的影响研究[J]. 土壤通报, 2018, 49 (5): 1109- 1114.
12	JEFFERY S , VERHEIJEN F G A , VELDE M V D , et al. A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2011, 144 (1): 175- 187.
13	SEVILLA M , FUERTES A B . Chemical and structural properties of carbonaceous products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of saccharides[J]. Chemistry-A European Journal, 2009, 15 (16): 4195- 4203. doi: 10.1002/chem.200802097
14	袁帅, 赵立欣, 孟海波, 等. 生物炭主要类型、理化性质及其研究展望[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22 (5): 1402- 1417.
15	孙涛, 朱新萍, 李典鹏, 等. 不同原料生物炭理化性质的对比分析[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2017, 34 (6): 543- 549.
16	罗煜, 赵立欣, 孟海波, 等. 不同温度下热裂解芒草生物质炭的理化特征分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29 (13): 208- 217. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.13.027
17	简敏菲, 高凯芳, 余厚平. 不同裂解温度对水稻秸秆制备生物炭及其特性的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2016, 36 (5): 1757- 1765.
18	SOHI S P , KRULL E , LOPEZ-CAPEL E , et al. Chapter 2:A review of biochar and its use and function in soil[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2010, 105, 47- 82.
19	SÁNCHEZ M E , LINDAO E , MARGALEFF D , et al. Pyrolysis of agricultural residues from rape and sunflowers: Production and characterization of bio-fuels and biochar soil management[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2009, 85 (1/2): 142- 144.
20	张晟, 张徐洁, 赵远, 等. 不同温度制备的水稻秸秆生物炭对稻田土壤固碳减排及微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2019, 35 (5): 1102- 1111. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2019.05.015
21	中华人民共和国农业部. 生物质固体成型燃料试验方法第5部分: 灰分: NY/T 1881.5-2010[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2010.
22	韦思业. 不同生物质原料和制备温度对生物炭物理化学特征的影响[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2017.
23	郑庆福, 王永和, 孙月光, 等. 不同物料和炭化方式制备生物炭结构性质的FTIR研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2014, 34 (4): 962- 966. doi: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2014)04-0962-05
24	WANG X B , ZHOU W , LIANG G Q , et al. Characteristics of maize biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures and its effects on organic carbon, nitrogen and enzymatic activities after addition to fluvo-aquic soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 538, 137- 144. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.026
25	叶协锋, 周涵君, 于晓娜, 等. 热解温度对玉米秸秆炭产率及理化特性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23 (5): 1268- 1275.
26	HOSSAIN M K , STREZOV V , CHAN K Y , et al. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production and nutrient properties of wastewater sludge biochar[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2011, 92 (1): 223- 228. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.008
27	ZHAO B , O'CONNOR D , ZHANG J L , et al. Effect of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and residence time on rapeseed stem derived biochar[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 174, 977- 987. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.013
28	TSECHANSKY L , GRABER E R . Methodological limitations to determining acidic groups at biochar surfaces via the Boehm titration[J]. Carbon, 2014, 66 (1): 730- 733.
29	YUAN J H , XU R K , ZHANG H . The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102 (3): 3488- 3497. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.018
30	FIDEL R B , LAIRD D A , THOMPSON M L , et al. Characterization and quantification of biochar alkalinity[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 167, 367- 373. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.151
31	于晓娜, 张晓帆, 李志鹏, 等. 热解温度对花生壳生物炭产率及部分理化特性的影响[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2017, 51 (1): 108- 114.
32	CANTRELL K , B HUNT P G , UCHIMIYA M , et al. Impact of pyrolysis temperature and manure source on physicochemical characteristics of biochar[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 107, 419- 428. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.084
33	史秀宏, 孙涛, 李嵩, 等. 硅酸盐微生物菌剂对水稻硅含量及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2015, (6): 121- 125.
34	AHMAD M , LEE S S , DOU X M , et al. Effects of pyrolysis temperature on soybean stover- and peanut shell-derived biochar properties and TCE adsorption in water[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 118, 536- 544. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.042

生物炭¹⁾ biochar	300 ℃	500 ℃	700 ℃
I	45.81a	36.77a	33.93ab
R	48.67a	36.40a	35.47a
S	46.81a	28.58b	25.42c
M	46.00a	33.41a	31.23b

生物炭 biochar	C/%			N/%			C/N
生物炭 biochar	300 ℃	500 ℃	700 ℃	300 ℃	500 ℃	700 ℃	300 ℃	500 ℃	700 ℃
I	54.31c	56.86c	57.31c	1.71cd	1.60d	1.56d	31.70d	35.49cd	36.86c
R	46.98d	47.86d	46.76d	1.79c	1.93bc	2.82a	26.30e	24.86ef	16.59h
S	64.46b	79.56a	82.65a	1.21e	1.32e	1.34e	53.36b	60.18a	61.86a
M	54.70c	59.32bc	60.20bc	2.66a	2.60a	2.05b	20.55g	22.82f	29.42d

生物炭 biochar	灰分/%			pH值pH value
生物炭 biochar	300 ℃	500 ℃	700 ℃	300 ℃	500 ℃	700 ℃
I	25.67h	32.50f	39.63d	5.42e	6.10d	7.68b
R	21.18i	29.43g	35.04ef	6.93c	9.68a	9.87a
S	32.99f	54.74b	64.50a	5.66e	7.23bc	7.59b
M	26.14h	38.71de	44.87c	7.26bc	8.89a	9.33a

[1]	刘志超, 王妍艳, 郑方栋, 万迪. 基于Py-GC/MS的玉米秸秆快速热解实验研究[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2021, 55(4): 29-33.
[2]	吕鹏,王光辉,王冰,胡德玉. 热解温度和生物质类型对生物炭吸附U(Ⅵ)性能的影响[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2020, 54(5): 15-24.
[3]	徐茹婷,许伟,卢辛成,孙康. 磷酸法木质活性炭除灰新工艺研究[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2020, 54(4): 37-41.
[4]	常帅帅,张学杨,王洪波,李梅,谭珍珍. 木屑生物炭的制备及其对Pb²⁺的吸附特性研究[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2020, 54(3): 37-44.
[5]	梁光兵,李艳红,訾昌毓,张远琴,彭昭霞,赵榆林,赵文波. 生物质发电厂飞灰制备生物炭的研究[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2020, 54(2): 21-26.
[6]	叶协锋,于晓娜,周涵君,李志鹏,张晓帆. 不同秸秆生物炭的孔隙结构及其差异[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2019, 53(2): 41-46.
[7]	杨思林, 王大伟, 张颖, 陆梅, 唐丽琼, 徐椿贤, 杨斌. 层迭灵芝子实体及其制备炭吸附Cd²⁺的研究[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2018, 52(1): 35-40.
[8]	田宜水, 王茹. 热解终温对花生壳炭化产物的影响研究[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2017, 51(3): 41-47.
[9]	孟凡彬, 孟军. 生物质炭化技术研究进展[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2016, 50(6): 61-66.
[10]	李雪瑶;应浩;蒋剑春;孙云娟. 固定床热解紫茎泽兰茎干的研究[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2009, 43(4): 38-42.