生物质化学工程 ›› 2021, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (1): 83-90.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2021.01.012
收稿日期:
2019-11-01
出版日期:
2021-01-30
发布日期:
2021-01-25
通讯作者:
马晓军
E-mail:wanglinatz@126.com;mxj75@tust.edu.cn
作者简介:
马晓军, 教授, 博士生导师, 研究领域:生物质资源高效利用; E-mail:mxj75@tust.edu.cn基金资助:
Received:
2019-11-01
Online:
2021-01-30
Published:
2021-01-25
Contact:
Xiaojun MA
E-mail:wanglinatz@126.com;mxj75@tust.edu.cn
摘要:
植物纤维素基碳气凝胶具有低密度、可生物降解、优异的吸附性能和电化学性能稳定等特点。本文围绕其原料来源、制备工艺及其在环境治理和能量储存与转化方面的应用,分析了植物纤维素基碳气凝胶的性能及研究进展。详细叙述了以棉花、木材、竹纤维等为原料的植物纤维素基碳气凝胶的制备方法,如:溶胶-凝胶法、水热炭化法、直接炭化法等。分析了制备过程中干燥方法、溶剂的选择及置换、复合改性等影响因素,并介绍了碳气凝胶在空气净化、油水分离、有毒化合物、重金属离子的去除等环境治理及能量转化与储存方面的。
中图分类号:
王丽娜, 马晓军. 植物纤维素基碳气凝胶的制备及应用研究进展[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2021, 55(1): 83-90.
Lina WANG, Xiaojun MA. Preparation and Application Progress of Plant Cellulose-based Carbon Aerogel[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2021, 55(1): 83-90.
表1
植物基纤维素的吸附性能"
原料 raw material | 吸附物 absorbate | 比表面积/(m2·g-1) specific area | 吸附量 adsorption capacity | 文献 reference |
竹纤维bamboo fiber | 油、有机溶剂oils, organic solvents | 26.2 | 23000~51000 mg/g | [ |
棉花cotton | 亚甲基蓝methylene blue | 457.73 | 102.2 mg/g | [ |
豆腐柴premna microphylla | 油、有机溶剂oils, organicsolvents | 475.68 | 77.7~147.3 mg/g | [ |
木屑wood waste | 亚甲基蓝methylene blue | 32.58 | 4.94 mg/g | [ |
稻壳rice husk | 孔雀石绿malachite green | 21.7 | 32.5~67.6 mg/g | [ |
麦秸秆wheat straw | 亚甲基蓝methylene blue 甲基橙methyl orange | 2263.10 | 3.24 mmol/g 2.36 mmol/g | [ |
稻草rice straw | 亚甲基蓝methylene blue 刚果红congo red 苯酚phenol 硝基苯酚p-nitrophenol | 236 | 139 mg/g 154 mg/g 59 mg/g 149 mg/g | [ |
表2
纤维素导电气凝胶的电化学性能"
电极材料1) electrode materials | 比电容/(F·g-1) capacitance | 测试条件 condition | 倍率特性/% rate capability | 循环cycling | 功率密度2)/ (kW·kg-1) energy density | 能量密度3)/ (Wh·kg-1) power density | 文献 reference | |
次数time | 稳定性stability | |||||||
CA | 268 | 2 mV/s | 5000 | 94% | 0.5 | 19.7 | [ | |
CFA | 283 | 1 A/g | 79 | 20000 | 97% | [ | ||
CA/MnCo2O4.5 | 386 | 2 mV/s | 71 | 5000 | 86% | 20 | 37.8 | [ |
N-CA/CoO4 | 616 | 1 A/g | 72 | 5000 | 94% | 4.5 | 23.8 | [ |
CA/NiCo2S4 | 1025 | 2 mV/s | 25000 | 79% | 0.4 | 55.3 | [ | |
CNF/RGO/CNT | 252 | 0.5 A/g | 70 | 1000 | 99% | 9.5* | 28.4 # | [ |
CNF/RGO | 203 | 0.7 mA/cm2 | 66 | — | — | 15.5* | 20 # | [ |
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