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生物质化学工程 ›› 2021, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6): 39-48.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2021.06.005

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碱土金属氧化物基催化剂催化热解生物质研究进展

李洋, 李凯, 张镇西, 冯时宇, 胡斌, 陆强()   

  1. 华北电力大学 生物质发电成套设备国家工程实验室, 北京 102206
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-26 出版日期:2021-11-30 发布日期:2021-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 陆强 E-mail:qlu@ncepu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陆强, 教授, 博士生导师, 研究领域: 固体燃料高效热化学转化; E-mail: qlu@ncepu.edu.cn
    李洋(1991-), 男, 山西太原人, 博士生, 主要从事生物质高效热化学转化研究
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(51922040);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51821004);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2020DF01)

Research Progress on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass with Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide-based Catalysts

Yang LI, Kai LI, Zhenxi ZHANG, Shiyu FENG, Bin HU, Qiang LU()   

  1. National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
  • Received:2020-08-26 Online:2021-11-30 Published:2021-10-29
  • Contact: Qiang LU E-mail:qlu@ncepu.edu.cn

摘要:

快速热解是生物质高效转化利用的重要方法之一,然而其目标产物生物油因含氧量高、组分复杂等不足而难以直接利用。通过在热解体系中引入碱土金属氧化物基催化剂,可以将热解产物中的氧元素以CO2和H2O等方式脱除,从而实现生物油品质的提升。总结了典型碱土金属氧化物基催化剂对生物质催化热解过程中发生的酮基化、羟醛缩合、开环和侧链断裂反应及机理,讨论了催化剂类型(CaO、MgO、基于碱土金属氧化物的分子筛和活性炭等)、生物质原料、温度、催化剂用量、停留时间、催化方式、催化剂失活等因素对生物油产率与品质的影响,并对生物质催化热解制备高品质生物油及其应用进行了展望。

关键词: 生物质, 催化热解, 碱土金属氧化物, 生物油

Abstract:

Fast pyrolysis is one of the most promising methods for the efficient conversion and utilization of biomass. However, the target product, known as bio-oil, is difficult to utilize directly due to its high oxygen content and complex components. Fast pyrolysis of biomass catalyzed by alkaline earth metal oxides is able to remove the oxygen of the pyrolysis products in the form of CO2 and H2O, thereby improving the bio-oil quality. This review summarized the reaction mechanism (ketonization, aldol condensation, ring opening and side-chain scission) involved in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass with the typical alkaline earth metal oxides-based catalysts. Also, the effects of catalysts (CaO, MgO, alkaline earth metal-based zeolites and activated carbons), raw biomass, pyrolysis temperature, catalyst amount, residence time, catalytic fast pyrolysis method and catalyst deactivation on the yield and quality of bio-oil were discussed. Finally, the application of biomass catalytic pyrolysis for producing high-quality bio-oil was prospected, which was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of biomass resources.

Key words: biomass, catalytic pyrolysis, alkaline earth metal oxides, bio-oil

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