欢迎访问《生物质化学工程》,

生物质化学工程 ›› 2021, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6): 26-38.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2021.06.004

• 综述评论 • 上一篇    下一篇

油茶壳综合利用研究进展

夏美玲1,2, 王允圃1,2,*(), 张淑梅1,2, 曾媛1,2, 刘玉环1,2, RUANRoger3   

  1. 1. 南昌大学 生物质转化教育部工程研究中心, 江西 南昌 330047
    2. 南昌大学 食品科学与技术国家重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330047
    3. 生物精炼中心和生物系统工程系, 明尼苏达大学, 圣保罗 55108
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-14 出版日期:2021-11-30 发布日期:2021-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 王允圃 E-mail:wangyunpu@ncu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王允圃, 高级实验师, 硕士生导师, 主要研究领域: 生物质资源开发与利用; E-mail: wangyunpu@ncu.edu.cn
    夏美玲(1996-), 女, 江西上饶人, 硕士生, 主要研究方向: 生物质催化热解
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(21766019);中央引导地方科技发展专项(20202ZDB01012);江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人培养计划(20204BCJ23011)

Research Progress on Comprehensive Utilization of Camellia oleifera Abel Shell

Meiling XIA1,2, Yunpu WANG1,2,*(), Shumei ZHANG1,2, Yuan ZENG1,2, Yuhuan LIU1,2, Roger RUAN3   

  1. 1. Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
    3. Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. paul 55108, USA
  • Received:2020-08-14 Online:2021-11-30 Published:2021-10-29
  • Contact: Yunpu WANG E-mail:wangyunpu@ncu.edu.cn

摘要:

油茶壳作为油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel)加工过程中产生的副产物,通常被直接丢弃或者焚烧处理。对油茶壳进行资源化利用不仅可以提高其自身附加值,还可以解决其带来的环境污染问题。基于现有研究,本文介绍了油茶壳中主要功能成分以及油茶壳在材料化、肥料化及能源化的利用情况。油茶壳中含有鞣质、茶皂素、黄酮和多糖等物质,使得油茶壳成为抑菌、抗氧化、抗病毒等应用的理想原料。在材料化方面,油茶壳活性炭吸附剂显示出良好的吸附效果,但以油茶壳为原料制备的电容材料电导率低,木质复合材料力学性能不佳。在肥料化方面,利用油茶壳制备的有机肥和培养基有明显改善土壤、提高肥料品质、促进种苗生长的效果。在能源化方面,较高的木质素、半纤维素和纤维素含量使油茶壳在直燃发电、厌氧发酵产沼气、制备生物乙醇和生物油等方面具有一定优势,但存在氯化物腐蚀锅炉、木质素难降解、生物乙醇产率低、生物油产量少等问题。对油茶壳未来利用方向提出展望,油茶壳在制备碳材料方面需针对性炭化以用作电容材料,木质复合材料方面需改善结构以提高材料力学性能,在功能成分利用方面需开发高附加值的深加工产品并扩大生产规模,在能源方面需解决生物质转化过程的集成问题。

关键词: 生物质, 再生能源, 油茶壳, 综合利用, 碳材料, 清洁能源

Abstract:

Camellia oleifera Abel shell, as a by-product produced during the processing of Camellia oleifera Abel, was usually discarded or burned. The resource utilization of C. oleifera shell can not only improve its own added value, but also solve the environmental pollution problems caused by it. Based on the existing research, this paper introduced the main functional components of C. oleifera shell and the utilization of C. oleifera shell in material, fertilizer and energy. C. oleifera shell contained tannins, tea saponins, flavones and polysaccharides and other substances, which made C. oleifera shell an ideal raw material for antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral and other applications. In terms of materialization, the activated carbon adsorbent of C. oleifera shell showed good adsorption effect, but the capacitance material prepared from C. oleifera shell was low in conductivity, and the mechanical properties of wood-based composites were poor. In the aspect of fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and culture medium prepared from C. oleifera shell could obviously improve the soil, improve the quality of fertilizer and promote the growth of seedlings. In terms of energy utilization, the high lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose content made C. oleifera shell have certain advantages in direct combustion power generation, marsh gas production by anaerobic fermentation, bioethanol and bio-oil preparation, but there are some problems such as chloride corrode boiler, lignin is difficult to degrade, low bioethanol yield, low bio-oil yield and so on. In addition, the future utilization direction of C. oleifera shell was prospected. In the aspect of preparing carbon material, the C. oleifera shell need targeted carbonization for capacitor material. In the aspect of wood-based composites, it need to improve the structure and mechanical property. In the aspect functional components utilization, it need to develop high value-added deep processing products and expand production scale. In the aspect of energy, it need to solve the integration problem of biomass conversion process.

Key words: biomass, renewable energy, Camellia oleifera Abel shell, integrated utilization, carbon materials, clean energy

中图分类号: