杂原子掺杂生物质基炭材料的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物质基炭材料具有低成本、来源广泛、导电性良好和电化学稳定性好等优点，通过杂原子掺杂，生物质基炭材料的性能得到进一步的提升。本文总结了杂原子引入生物质基炭材料的方法（原位掺杂和扩散掺杂）及其各自的优缺点，简述了杂原子掺杂的种类（氮掺杂、氧掺杂、磷掺杂、硫掺杂、卤素掺杂和多元素共掺杂）及杂原子掺杂对生物质基炭材料结构与性能的影响，综述了目前杂原子掺杂炭材料在能源存储、吸附分离、催化氧化等领域的应用状况，并对杂原子掺杂生物质基炭材料的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 生物质, 炭材料, 杂原子掺杂, 超级电容器, 吸附剂

Abstract:

Biomass-based carbon materials had the advantages of low cost, wide source, good electrical conductivity, and good electrochemical stability. Through heteroatom doping, the performance of biomass-based carbon materials was further improved. This paper summarized the methods of introducing heteroatoms into biomass-based carbon materials(in-situ doping and diffusion doping) and their respective advantages and disadvantages. The types of heteroatom doping(nitrogen doping, oxygen doping, phosphorus doping, sulfur doping, halogen doping, and multi-element co-doping) and the effects of heteroatom doping on the structure and properties of biomass-based carbon materials were briefly described. The applications of heteroatom doped carbon materials in energy storage, adsorption separation, and catalytic oxidation were reviewed, and the development direction of heteroatom-doped biomass-based carbon materials was also prospected.

Key words: biomass, carbon, heteroatom doping, supercapacitor, adsorbent

中图分类号:

TQ35
TQ424

王天贺, 林琳, 刘静, 张强, 徐文彪, 时君友. 杂原子掺杂生物质基炭材料的研究进展[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2022, 56(6): 71-80.

Tianhe WANG, Lin LIN, Jing LIU, Qiang ZHANG, Wenbiao XU, Junyou SHI. Research Progress of Heteroatom-doped Biomass-based Carbon Materials[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2022, 56(6): 71-80.

图/表 5

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碳源 carbon type	比表面积/(m²·g^-1) BET surface	元素分析element analysis/%				电解液/(mol·L^-1) electrolyte	活化剂 activator	比电容/(F·g^-1) specific capacitance	文献 ref.
碳源 carbon type	比表面积/(m²·g^-1) BET surface	N	P	O	S	电解液/(mol·L^-1) electrolyte	活化剂 activator	比电容/(F·g^-1) specific capacitance	文献 ref.
豆渣soybean dregs	360	7.7	14.2	6.6		2(KOH)	H₂PO₄	93.5(0.1 A/g)	[57]
菜籽渣rapeseed dregs	1 417	4.09		3.2		1(Na₂SO₄)	ZnCl₂	51.2(0.2 A/g)	[58]
豆渣soybean dregs	1 945	3.8		15.8		6(LiNO₃)	KOH	489(1 A/g)	[59]
冬瓜wax gourd-derived	2 919	1.0		17.9		6(KOH)	KOH	333(1 A/g)	[60]
辣木Moringa oleifera branches	2 312	1.3		4.5		6(KOH)	KOH	355(0.5 A/g)	[61]
樱桃花herry calyces	1 612	1.1		8.8		6(KOH)	KOH	350(0.1 A/g)	[62]
淀粉starch	2 989	1.0		5.9		1.5(HCl)		1 216(2 A/g)	[63]
柳絮willow catkin	1 533	4.62			2.56	6(KOH)	KOH	298(0.5 A/g)	[64]
猪膀胱porcinebladders	1 882	5.38				6(KOH)	KOH	322.5(0.5 A/g)	[65]
龙眼壳longan shell	3 029	1.14				6(KOH)	KOH	359.2(0.5 A/g)	[66]
印度楝树叶Neem leaves	1 230	1		3.53		1(H₂SO₄)		400(0.5 A/g)	[67]
木质素磺酸钠sodium lignosulfonate	1 592				5.2	6(KOH)	KOH	320(0.2 A/g)	[68]

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