生物质基多孔材料在保温材料中的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2022.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

环保、节能、高效是保温材料未来的主要研究方向, 开发以生物质为原料的保温材料是未来趋势。生物质基多孔材料是指以可再生的生物质为前驱体制备的多孔材料, 其原料来源广, 制备方法多样, 具有孔隙率高、密度小、质量轻等优异特点, 在保温领域有很大的应用潜力。本文概述了多孔材料的保温机理, 并综述了近几年国内外对纤维素基、淀粉基、壳聚糖基、植物蛋白基多孔材料的研究, 重点介绍了表面活性剂发泡法、冷冻干燥法、致孔剂法、模具热压法、溶剂交换相分离法等在生物质基多孔材料制备中的应用。分析了生物质多孔材料存在的问题, 并对多孔保温材料未来的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 保温隔热, 多孔材料, 生物质材料

Abstract:

Environment protection, energy saving, and high efficiency are the main research directions for thermal insulation materials in the future, and the development of thermal insulation materials based on biomass is the future trend. Biomass-based porous materials refer to the porous materials prepared from renewable biomass as the precursor, which have the wide raw materials and diverse preparation methods. They have excellent characteristics, such as high porosity, low density, light weight, and so on, which has great application potential in the field of thermal insulation. In this paper, the heat preservation mechanism of the porous materials was overviewed, and the research progress on the cellulose, starch, chitosan, plant protein porous material in recent years was reviewed. The surfactant foaming method, freeze-drying method, pore-forming agent method, mould hot pressing method, solvent exchange phase separation in the application of biomass-based porous material preparation were also highlighted. Finally, the existing problems of biomass-based porous insulation materials are analyzed, and the future research directions of porous insulation materials are also prospected.

Key words: thermal insulation, porous materials, biomass material

中图分类号:

TQ35
TB322

王磊, 闭馨元, 叶飞, 刘益贝, 吴敏, 鲁鹏. 生物质基多孔材料在保温材料中的研究进展[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2022, 56(4): 58-66.

Lei WANG, Xinyuan BI, Fei YE, Yibei LIU, Min WU, Peng LU. Research Progress of Biomass-based Porous Materials on Thermal Insulation Materials[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2022, 56(4): 58-66.

图/表 7

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

生物质基多孔材料的制备方法及其保温隔热性能"

类别 classification		制备方法 preparation method	材料 material	导热系数/ (W·m^-1·K^-1) thermal conductivity	参考文献 ref.
纤维素基多孔材料¹⁾ cellulose based porous material	A	表面活性剂法 surfactant	竹浆、木浆bamboo pulp, wood pulp	0.0326	[11]
		冷冻干燥 freeze-drying	松木pine	0.025	[12]
			纳米纤维素nanocellulose	0.016~0.018, 0.029 ~0.032	[13]
			纳米纤化纤维素NFC	0.032~0.044	[14]
			巴尔沙木balsa	0.028，0.12	[15]
	B	冷冻干燥 freeze-drying	纳米纤维素/Elium树脂 nanocellulose/Elium resin	0.023~0.143	[16]
			菠萝纤维/聚乙烯醇 pineapple fiber/polyvinyl alcohol	0.030~0.034	[17]
			甘蔗渣/聚乙烯醇 bagasse/polyvinyl alcohol	0.031~0.042	[18]
			聚乙烯醇/纤维素纳米纤维/明胶 PVA/cellulose nanofibers/gelatin	0.029~0.037	[19]
			二硫化钼/纳米纤维素MoS₂/CNFs	0.02809	[24]
			纤维素纳米纤维/碳酸氢钠CNF/NaHCO₃	0.0277~0.0285	[25]
			纤维素纳米纤维/碳纳米管CNF/CNTs	0.038	[26]
			羧甲基纤维素/氧化石墨烯纳米片/硼酸 CMC/GO/BA	0.039~0.0417	[27]
		高剪切匀浆法 high shear homogenization	改性蒙脱土/纳米纤维素 SM-MMT/CNF	0.0326~0.0377	[21]
		水热法 hydrothermal method	纳米纤维素/勃姆石 CNF/AlOOH	0.0385~0.0477	[22]
		超临界CO₂干燥 supercritical CO₂ drying	纳米纤维素/二氧化钛 CNC/TiO₂	0.022~0.032	[23]
壳聚糖基多孔材料 chitosan based porous material		冷冻干燥 freeze-drying	纳米纤化纤维素/壳聚糖NFC/CS	0.029	[30]
壳聚糖基多孔材料 chitosan based porous material		冷冻干燥 freeze-drying	羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖HAP/CS	0.02816~0.03743	[33]
淀粉基多孔材料 starch based porous material		热压法 hot-press approach	地聚物/淀粉geopolymer/starch	1.46~1.99	[38]
		热压法 hot-press approach	纤维/淀粉/膨润土fiber/starch/bentonite	0.0313	[39]
		冷冻干燥 freeze-drying	甜菜纸浆/马铃薯淀粉 beet pulp /potato starch	0.070~0.0755	[40]
		冷冻干燥 freeze-drying	魔芋葡甘聚糖/马铃薯淀粉/明胶/麦秸粉 konjac glucomannan/potato starch/gelatin/wheat straw	0.04641	[41]
淀粉基多孔材料 starch based porous material		超临界CO₂干燥 supercritical CO₂ drying	淀粉 starch	0.021~0.023	[43]
植物蛋白基多孔材料 plant protein based polyporous material		发泡剂发泡 foaming agent	植物蛋白/石膏vegetable protein/gypsum	0.186~0.477	[47]
植物蛋白基多孔材料 plant protein based polyporous material		发泡剂发泡 foaming agent	单宁/呋喃/大豆蛋白分离物 tannin/furan/soybean protein isolate	0.026	[48]

表2

参考文献 48

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样品 samples	PVA/g	CNF/g	明胶质量分数/% gelatin	密度/(g·cm^-3) density	杨氏模量/MPa modulus	导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1) thermal conductivity
CNF	0	50	—	0.024±0.003	0.018±0.003	0.030
PVA/CNF	25	25	—	0.057±0.004	0.21±0.01	0.027
PVA/CNF/G1	25	25	1	0.071±0.003	0.43±0.03	0.029
PVA/CNF/G2	25	25	2	0.08±0.002	1.02±0.08	0.034
PVA/CNF/G3	25	25	3	0.085±0.005	1.65±0.06	0.037

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