糠醛的生物炼制技术研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2021.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物炼制是新时代应对能源危机和环境污染的极佳策略，基于生物炼制可以将低值的生物质资源转化为各类高附加值产品。糠醛是一种来自生物质资源的高附加值平台化合物，在能源、医药、化工等领域具有重要应用。糠醛的工业生产已经近一个世纪，工业生产技术已经比较成熟，但是目前工业生产过程中还存在不少问题。为解决糠醛工业生产中存在的问题，研究者对制备糠醛的新技术和新工艺进行了研究与探索。本文首先介绍了糠醛的性质及应用，分析了糠醛的工业生产技术现状和所面临的问题，如利用无机酸作催化剂时会腐蚀设备，催化剂不易回收，存在污染水源等问题。然后详细叙述了水解法和热解法制备糠醛的技术研究现状以及微波加热辅助新工艺的特点，最后展望了糠醛制备技术的未来发展方向。

关键词: 生物质, 糠醛, 平台化学品, 水解, 热解

Abstract:

Biorefinery is an excellent strategy to deal with the energy crisis and environmental pollution in the new age. Based on biorefinery, low-value biomass resources can be converted into various value-added products. Furfural is one value-added platform chemical from biomass resources, which has important applications in energy, medicine, chemical, and other fields. The industrial production of furfural has come out for nearly one century and is relatively mature nowadays. However, there are still some issues remain to be solved in the industrial production. In order to solve these problems, efforts have been paid on exploring new technologies and progresses. In this paper, the characteristics of furfural were introduced firstly, and the present situation and problems of furfural industrial production technology are summarized, including corrosion of equipment caused by acid catalysts, difficulty in catalyst recycling, water pollution and so on. Then, the research status and problems of furfural preparation by hydrolysis and pyrolysis and the characteristic of the microwave-assisted technology were carefully reviewed. Finally, the future development direction of furfural preparation technology was prospected.

Key words: biomass, furfural, platform compound, hydrolysis, pyrolysis

中图分类号:

TQ35

付延春, 高腾飞, 张利平, 孟瑞红, 杨阳, 李雄威. 糠醛的生物炼制技术研究进展[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2021, 55(6): 59-66.

Yanchun FU, Tengfei GAO, Liping ZHANG, Ruihong MENG, Yang YANG, Xiongwei LI. Advance on Bio-refining for the Production of Furfural[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2021, 55(6): 59-66.

图/表 4

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参考文献 53

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工艺名称 processes	原料 raw materials	催化剂 catalysts	温度/℃ temperature	糠醛得率/% yield of furfural	优缺点 advantages and disadvantages	文献 ref.
Quakers Oats	燕麦壳	硫酸	153	40~52	温度低，停留时间和较高较长；硫酸浓度较高	[7]
Suprayield	硬木	硫酸	230~250	50~70	反应器体积小；停留时间短；糠醛得率高和酸循环利用；投资和维护成本高昂	[8]
Westpro	玉米芯	硫酸	160~165	55	副产物量少，糠醛纯度高，生产成本低	[2]

原料 raw materials	技术要点 technical points	糠醛得率% yield of furfural/%	文献 ref.
软木半纤维素	SAPO-44固体催化剂	63	[25]
玉米秸秆	NbP固体酸	23	[26]
玉米芯	SO₄^2-/SiO₂-Al₂O₃/La³⁺固体酸	21	[27]
玉米秸秆预水解液	水-甲苯双相体系，H₂SO₄催化	76.3	[28]
玉米秸秆预水解液	水-甲基异丁基酮双相体系，H₂SO₄催化	80.1	[28]
甘蔗渣	水-丙酮双相体系，H₃PO₄催化	45.8	[29]
木聚糖	[BMIM]Cl/AlCl₃离子液体催化体系	77	[32]
棕榈叶	草酸-氯化胆碱低共熔溶剂	26.34	[35]
木糖	草酸-氯化胆碱低共熔溶剂，AlCl₃催化	39.8	[36]
木糖	PAL-SO₃H固体催化剂，γ-戊二醛内酯-水双相体系	87	[37]
阿拉伯糖	[BMIM]Cl/AlCl₃离子液体催化剂，水-丁酮双相体系	60	[32]

原料 raw materials	技术要点 technical points	转化率/% conversion rate/%	糠醛得率/% yield of furfural/%	文献 ref.
玉米芯	ZnCl₂浸渍催化热解	—	8.0	[43]
玉米芯	ZnCl₂浸渍催化热解	—	5.79	[40]
玉米芯	Fe₂(SO₄)₃浸渍催化热解	—	4.62	[40]
玉米芯	H₂SO₄浸渍催化热解	—	5.11	[40]
纤维素	ZrCu-SAPO-18原位催化	27.5	—	[45]
纤维素	TiN非原位催化	—	15.3	[47]
纤维素	CaN非原位催化	—	23.0	[47]
纤维素	Na/Fe固体酸非原位催化	64.7	—	[48]

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