微生物降解木质素的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2021.03.010

生物质化学工程 ›› 2021, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 62-70.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2021.03.010

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微生物降解木质素的研究进展

杨静¹^,²^,³(), 蒋剑春¹^,²^,*(), 张宁¹^,², 徐浩¹^,², 解静聪¹^,²^,³, 赵剑¹^,²

1. 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所; 生物质化学利用国家工程实验室; 国家林业和草原局林产化学工程重点实验室; 江苏省生物质能源与材料重点实验室, 江苏南京 210042
2. 南京林业大学江苏省林业资源高效加工利用协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210037
3. 淮阴工学院江苏省生物质转化与过程集成工程实验室, 江苏淮安 223003

收稿日期:2020-05-19 出版日期:2021-05-30 发布日期:2021-05-20
通讯作者: 蒋剑春 E-mail:yj3219@163.com;bio-energy@163.com
作者简介:蒋剑春, 中国工程院院士, 研究员, 博士生导师, 研究领域: 林产化学加工和生物质能源; E-mail: bio-energy@163.com
杨静(1985—), 女, 河北保定人, 博士生, 主要从事生物质能源生物转化方面的研究; E-mail: yj3219@163.com
基金资助:
江苏省生物质能源与材料重点实验室基本科研业务费项目(JSBEM-S-202011);江苏省生物质转化与过程集成工程实验室开放课题(JPELBCPI2019001)

Research Progress on Lignin Degradation by Microorganism

Jing YANG¹^,²^,³(), Jianchun JIANG¹^,²^,*(), Ning ZHANG¹^,², Hao XU¹^,², Jingcong XIE¹^,²^,³, Jian ZHAO¹^,²

1. Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Nanjing 210042, China
2. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
3. Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China

Received:2020-05-19 Online:2021-05-30 Published:2021-05-20
Contact: Jianchun JIANG E-mail:yj3219@163.com;bio-energy@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木质纤维是地球上最丰富的可再生生物质资源，其三大成分之一的纤维素是生产生物基材料、生物燃料及生物基化学品的重要原料，但是木质素复杂的化学结构阻碍了木质纤维的应用。常规木质素的物理、化学及物理-化学等降解方法常需要高温、高压条件，并且易产生抑制物、造成高能耗和环境污染等问题。微生物介导的生物催化过程通常在温和条件下进行，可以降低能源投入，为木质素的利用提供了更具体、更有效的选择。传统生物降解以白腐菌等真菌为代表，存在预处理周期长、对环境适应性差等问题，而细菌繁殖迅速、环境适应能力强、易于基因操作，成为未来木质素降解菌株的潜在候选者。本文在介绍木质素化学结构的基础上，综述了近年来微生物降解木质素的研究进展，着重分析了降解木质素的微生物（真菌和细菌）、木质素降解酶（过氧化物酶和漆酶）和降解机制，以及微生物降解木质素在脂类、生物塑料、香兰素、废水处理中的应用，并对微生物降解木质素的未来发展进行了展望。

关键词: 木质素, 降解, 微生物, 木质素降解酶

Abstract:

Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable biomass resource on the earth and cellulose is one of the three components of lignocellulose and is important raw material for the production of bio-based materials, fuels and chemicals. However, the complex chemical structure of lignin limits the application of lignocellulose. Conventional physical, chemical and physical-chemical lignin degradation methods often require high temperature and high pressure conditions, resulting in high energy consumption, inhibitors and environmental pollution. The biocatalysis process mediated by microorganisms is usually carried out under mild conditions, which can reduce energy input and provide a more specific and effective choice for the utilization of lignin. The degradation of lignin by fungi, represented by white-rot fungi, presents the problems of long pretreatment cycle and poor adaptability to the environment. Bacterium becomes the future potential of lignin degradation, owing to its rapid proliferation, profound environmental adaptability and easy genetic manipulation. This review introduced the progress of microbial degradation of lignin on the base of chemical structure, and mainly analyzed the microorganisms (fungi and bacteria), degrading enzymes (peroxidase and laccase) as well as the degradation mechanism. Besides, the applications of microbial degraded lignin in lipids, bioplastics, vanillin and wastewater treatment were summarized and the future development was suggested.

Key words: lignin, degradation, microorganism, lignin-degrading enzymes

中图分类号:

TQ35

杨静, 蒋剑春, 张宁, 徐浩, 解静聪, 赵剑. 微生物降解木质素的研究进展[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2021, 55(3): 62-70.

Jing YANG, Jianchun JIANG, Ning ZHANG, Hao XU, Jingcong XIE, Jian ZHAO. Research Progress on Lignin Degradation by Microorganism[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2021, 55(3): 62-70.

图/表 2

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图1

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类型 type	菌株 strains	产生的酶 produced enzymes	底物 substrate	来源 source	参考文献 reference
好氧细菌 aerobic bacteria	丛毛单胞菌属 Comamonas sp.	-	硫酸盐木质素 Kraft lignin	腐蚀竹片 eroded bamboo slips	[22]
	天蓝色链霉菌 Streptomyces coelicolor	漆酶 laccase	芒草 Miscanthus	-	[23]
	恶臭假单胞菌 Pseudomonas putida	漆酶 laccase	-	土壤 soil	[24]
	类芽孢杆菌 Paenibacillus sp.	漆酶 laccase	-	造纸废水土壤 soil from paper mill	[25]
	链霉菌T7A Streptomyces viridosporus T7A	木质素过氧化物酶 lignin peroxidase	磨木木质素milled wood lignin	-	[26]
	芽孢杆菌属 Bacillus ligniniphilus L1	漆酶laccase 过氧化物酶 peroxidase	碱木质素 alkali lignin	海底沉积物 submarine sediment	[27]
厌氧细菌 anaerobic bacteria	脱硫微菌 Desulfomicrobium sp.	-	杉木 cedar wood	-	[28]
兼性厌氧细菌 facultative anaerobic bacteria	甲苯单胞菌属 Tolumonas lignolytic	过氧化物酶 peroxidase	碱木质素 alkali lignin	热带森林土壤 tropical forest soil	[29]
	克雷伯氏菌属 Klebsiella sp.	染料脱色过氧化物酶 fuel decolorization peroxidase	碱木质素 alkali lignin	热带森林土壤 tropical forest soil	[30]
	食气梭菌 Clostridium methoxybenzovorans	染料脱色过氧化物酶 fuel decolorization peroxidase	香草酸盐 vanillate	-	[31]
	甲烷食甲基菌属 Methanomethylovorans sp.	-	硫酸盐木质素 kraft lignin	淤泥 sludge	[32]
	肠杆菌属 Enterobacter lignolyticus SCF1	-	碱木质素 alkali lignin	热带森林土壤 tropical forest soil	[33]
	红球菌 Rhodococcus jostii	染料脱色过氧化物酶 fuel decolorization peroxidase	硫酸盐木质素 kraft lignin	-	[34]
	枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis	过氧物酶 peroxidase	玉米秸秆 corn straw	-	[35]

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微生物降解木质素的研究进展

Research Progress on Lignin Degradation by Microorganism

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