生物质化学工程 ›› 2020, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (2): 51-60.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2020.02.008
收稿日期:
2019-02-11
出版日期:
2020-03-30
发布日期:
2020-04-16
通讯作者:
马晓军
E-mail:lidnqiaoh@126.com;mxj75@tust.edu.cn
作者简介:
李冬娜(1989-),女,吉林榆树人,博士生,研究方向为生物质功能复合材料; E-mail:基金资助:
Received:
2019-02-11
Online:
2020-03-30
Published:
2020-04-16
Contact:
Xiaojun MA
E-mail:lidnqiaoh@126.com;mxj75@tust.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
为了实现污水中污泥减量化和资源化,对其进行厌氧消化是目前国际上应用最广泛的处理方法。酸化阶段的重要产物——挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)不仅可以作为污水脱氮除磷的碳源,还是合成生物质塑料聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)的理想底物。简单介绍了污泥厌氧发酵产酸的代谢机理和微生物机理,对近年来污泥厌氧发酵产酸的研究成果进行了梳理,重点论述了底物种类、预处理技术、pH值、发酵温度等因素对污泥厌氧发酵产酸的影响及研究进展,总结并对比了不同底物类型、发酵温度、酸性和碱性条件下都可影响发酵产酸的产量及酸种类分布,而污泥预处理技术则倾向于提高酸的产量,对酸种类分布影响不大。介绍了污泥厌氧发酵产酸在合成PHAs、生物能源和污水的脱氮除磷等方面的应用情况。最后,针对污泥厌氧发酵产酸会因底物有机成分不同,导致酸化效率有所差异,同时控制底物种类、pH值和温度等因素不仅影响产酸量,还会影响产酸类型和产物种类。提出了今后的研究方向主要是深入分析不同底物的酸化效率差异原因、污泥定向发酵产酸,实现总VFAs中各种酸比例调控。
中图分类号:
李冬娜,马晓军. 污泥厌氧发酵产酸机理及应用研究进展[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2020, 54(2): 51-60.
Dongna LI,Xiaojun MA. Mechanism and Research Progress of Acid Synthesis During Sludge Anaerobic Fermentation[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2020, 54(2): 51-60.
表1
污泥预处理方法的研究概况"
预处理方法 pretreatment method | 预处理条件 pretreatment condition | 预处理结果 pretreatment results | 参考文献 reference |
超声波、热处理ultrasound, heat treatment | 固体停留7.5 d, 55 ℃ solid residence 7.5 d, 55 ℃ | COD转化率为32.6%~37% the conversion of COD 32.6%-37% | [ |
低温热处理、氨汽提 heat treatment, ammonia stripping | 预处理8 h,水力停留40 d pretreatment 8 h, hydraulic residence 40 d | 甲烷化提高18%;COD溶解提高18% methylation increases by 18%, COD dissolution increases by 18% | [ |
超声波、碱 ultrasound, alkali | 超声波时间5 min,碱用量0.05 g/g ultrasound time 5 min, alkali dosage 0.05 g/g | 厌氧生物降解能力达40% the anaerobic biodegradability reaches 40% | [ |
游离亚硝酸 free nitrite | 质量浓度6.1 mg/L,水力停留时间7.5 d、pH值5,温度25 ℃ concentration 6.1 mg/L, hydraulic residence time 7.5 d, pH value 5, temperature 25 ℃ | 厌氧消化能力提高了30%~40% anaerobic digestion capacity increases by 30%-40% | [ |
超声波、微波、酶 ultrasound, microwave, enzyme | 微波功率1500 W,微波温度175 ℃,微波时间10 min microwave power 1500 W, microwave temperature 175 ℃, microwave time 10 min | 微波处理成本不到酶处理成本的10% microwave treatment costs less than 10% of enzymatic treatment costs | [ |
热处理、碱 heat treatment, alkali | 温度70 ℃,碱质量分数4% temperature 70 ℃, alkali mass fraction 4% | VS去除率30% VS removal rate 30% | [ |
热碱法、氢氧化铵、硫酸thermo-assisted alkali, ammonium hydroxide, sulfuric acid | 温度25℃ temperature 25 ℃ | 热碱法比其它预处理方法处理后的总挥发性脂肪酸提高了187% rompared with other pretreatment methods, total VFAs of thermal-assisted alkali pretreatment increases by 187% | [ |
表2
不同底物合成PHAs的能力概况"
底物 substrate | COD/ (mg·L-1) | PHAs产量1)/(g·g-1) PHAs yield | PHAs组成2) composition of PHAs | 运行方式 operation mode | 参考文献 reference |
活性污泥activated sludge | 2560 | 72.9 | PHB、PHV、P3H2MV | 好氧兼厌氧 aerobic and anaerobic mode | [ |
糖蜜废水 molasses wastewater | 6300 | 30 | PHB | 好氧兼厌氧 aerobic and anaerobic mode | [ |
发酵废水 fermentation wastewater | 1200 | 40 | PHB、PHV | 好氧兼厌氧 aerobic and anaerobic mode | [ |
啤酒废水 brewery wastewater | 2100 | 44.8 | PHB、PHV | 厌氧后好氧 anaerobic and then aerobic mode | [ |
初沉污泥 primary sludge | 2445 | 32 | PHV | 厌氧后好氧 anaerobic and then aerobic mode | [ |
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