复合材料用天然植物纤维改性研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2019.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天然植物纤维的结构和性能独特，与树脂基体复合仍存在诸多问题。天然植物纤维改性对于提高反应活性、改善其与基体树脂的界面相容性及复合材料的综合性能有重要影响。从天然植物纤维原料的组成、结构及性能分析出发，重点介绍了蒸汽爆破预处理、热预处理、高能辐射预处理、碱预处理、过氧化物预处理和组合法预处理等预处理技术以及酯化改性、接枝共聚、偶联剂改性和其他改性方法，并综述了改性天然植物纤维在复合材料中的研究进展，总结了天然植物纤维改性对复合材料性能的影响，以期为天然植物纤维复合材料的研究提供思路和参考。

关键词: 天然植物纤维, 预处理, 表面改性, 复合材料

Abstract:

Natural plant fibers have unique structure and properties, and there are still many problems in compounding with resin matrix. Modification of natural plant fibers has important effect on improving their reactivity, interfacial compatibility with matrix resins and comprehensive properties of composites. Based on the analysis of the composition, structure and performance of natural plant fiber raw materials, some natural fiber pretreatment methods, such as steam-explosion pretreatment, thermal pretreatment, high energy radiation pretreatment, alkali pretreatment, peroxide pretreatment and combined pretreatment, were introduced, as well as some surface modification methods such as esterification modification, graft copolymerization and coupling agent modification. The research progress of natural fiber modification methods in composites and the effects of natural fiber modification on the properties of composites were summarized in order to provide ideas and references for the research of natural fibers reinforced composites.

Key words: natural plant fiber, pretreatment, surface modification, composites

中图分类号:

TQ351

马红亮,陈健,孔振武. 复合材料用天然植物纤维改性研究进展[J]. 生物质化学工程, 2019, 53(4): 50-58.

Hongliang MA,Jian CHEN,Zhenwu KONG. Progress on Modification of Natural Plant Fiber for Composites[J]. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2019, 53(4): 50-58.

图/表 6

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原料 raw material	密度/(g·cm^-3) density	纤维素/% cellulose	半纤维素/% hemicellulose	木质素/% lignin	果胶/% pectin	蜡质/% waxy	灰分/% ash	水分/% moisture	文献 references
苎麻ramie	1.54	65~75	14~16	0.8~1.5	4.5	0.5~1.0	2~5	6.6	[8]
亚麻flax	1.19	70~80	12~15	2.5~5	1.4~5.7	1.2~1.8	0.8~1.3	10.56	[7]
大麻hemp	1.26	76.4	12	20	9.29	—	2.85	9.25	[2]
剑麻sisal	1.40	65.8	12	8	2.00	—	—	—	[10]
黄麻jute	1.21	57~60	14~17	18	14	—	5.15	9.4	[6]
竹bamboo	0.90	55	20	25	0.38	—	1.2	—	[4]
麦秸秆wheat straw	1.51	40.40	25.56	22.34	0.87	23.15	6.04	10.65	[4]

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